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Brand name: Tasigna™

• Approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia

Full prescribing information is available, including clinical trial information, safety, dosing, drug-drug interactions and contraindications.

On October 29, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to nilotinib (Tasigna® Capsules, made by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.) for use in the treatment of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in adult patients resistant or intolerant to prior therapy that included imatinib.

The effectiveness of nilotinib is based on hematologic (blood-related) and cytogenetic (chromosome-related) response rates. There are no controlled trials demonstrating a clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or increased survival. Submission of further follow-up data from an ongoing study is required to convert this accelerated approval to regular approval.

Efficacy was demonstrated in one ongoing non-randomized multicenter study. Patients were treated with nilotinib at a starting dose of 400 mg twice daily. At the time of data cut-off, 232 CML-CP patients and 105 CML-AP patients were considered evaluable for efficacy. Prior treatment included imatinib (100 percent), hydroxyurea (85 percent), interferon (62 percent) and bone marrow transplantation (8 percent). Imatinib was discontinued in 73 percent of patients because of resistance; 27 percent discontinued imatinib because of drug intolerance. The highest prior maximum imatinib dose was > 600 mg/day in 77 percent of patients.

The efficacy endpoint for CML-CP was unconfirmed major cytogenetic response, defined as elimination or substantial diminution (by at least 65 percent) of Ph+ metaphases in the bone marrow. The major cytogenetic response rate in CP patients was 40 percent (95 percent CI: 33 percent, 46 percent).

The efficacy endpoint for CML-AP was hematologic responses. Hematologic response was defined as either a complete hematologic response or no evidence of leukemia. The hematologic response rate in AP patients was 26 percent (95 percent CI: 18 percent, 35 percent). The median duration of response has not been reached for CML-CP and CML-AP. At the time of data cutoff, 59 percent of CML-CP patients and 63 percent of CML-AP patients had a response duration of at least six months.

The safety population included 318 patients with CML-CP and 120 patients with CML-AP. In CML-CP patients, the most commonly reported drug-related adverse reactions (>10 percent) were rash, pruritis, nausea, fatigue, headache, constipation, diarrhea, and vomiting. The common serious drug-related adverse reactions were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia.

In CML-AP patients, the most commonly reported drug-related adverse reactions (>10 percent) were rash, pruritus, and constipation. The common serious drug-related adverse reactions were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, intracranial hemorrhage, elevated lipase, and pyrexia.

Nilotinib prolongs the QT interval and sudden deaths have been reported; this risk is described in a boxed warning in the labeling. Nilotinib should not be used in patients with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, or long QT syndrome. Drugs known to prolong the QT interval and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided. Patients should avoid food two hours before and one hour after taking a dose. ECG’s should be obtained to monitor the QTc at baseline, seven days after initiation, and periodically thereafter, as well as following dose adjustments.

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