What Causes Cervical Cancer?

The main cause for cervical cancer is a virus. It is called HPV. This stands for human papillomavirus (pronounced pap-ih-LO-ma-VYE-rus).

HPV: A common virus in women and men

• HPV is a virus spread through sexual contact.
• You can be infected with HPV and not know it. You will not feel the virus or see it. Usually there are no symptoms.
• Most HPV infections go away on their own. But some may not. The infections that do not go away can lead to cell changes in the cervix. These cell changes can lead to cervical cancer.
• The Pap test can often find changes caused by HPV before they lead to cervical cancer.

HPV can be transmitted through sexual contact, even when a condom is used.

Doctor Vargas: "Some women wonder if they can get HPV through forms of intimate contact other than vaginal sex. The answer is yes. HPV can be spread through vaginal and anal intercourse; finger to genital contact; and finger to anal contact."

Getting tested for HPV

Depending on the results of your Pap test, your doctor may do an HPV test. It is important to follow up with your doctor on all test results.

Rosa: I have only had sex with one person. Do I have to get a Pap test?

Doctor Vargas: Yes. Women should get regular Pap tests even if they have had only one partner. HPV is a very common virus. Someone could have it and not know it.