 |
|
|
Risk Factors
Doctors cannot explain why one person develops skin cancer and another does
not. However, we do know that skin cancer is not contagious. You cannot "catch"
it from another person.
Research has shown that people with certain
risk factors
are more likely than
others to develop skin cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the
chance of developing a disease.
Studies have found the following risk factors for skin cancer:
-
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: UV radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps,
tanning beds, or tanning booths. A person's risk of skin cancer is related to
lifetime exposure to UV radiation. Most skin cancer appears after age 50, but
the sun damages the skin from an early age.
UV radiation affects everyone. But people who have fair skin that freckles or
burns easily are at greater risk. These people often also have red or blond
hair and light-colored eyes. But even people who tan can get skin cancer.
People who live in areas that get high levels of UV radiation have a higher
risk of skin cancer. In the United States, areas in the south (such as Texas
and Florida) get more UV radiation than areas in the north (such as Minnesota).
Also, people who live in the mountains get high levels of UV radiation.
UV radiation is present even in cold weather or on a cloudy day.
-
Scars or burns on the skin
-
Infection with certain
human papillomaviruses
-
Exposure to arsenic at work
-
Chronic
skin
inflammation
or skin
ulcers
-
Diseases that make the skin sensitive to the sun, such as
xeroderma pigmentosum,
albinism,
and
basal cell nevus syndrome
-
Radiation therapy
-
Medical conditions or drugs that suppress the
immune system
-
Personal history of one or more skin cancers
-
Family history of skin cancer
-
Actinic keratosis:
Actinic keratosis is a type of flat, scaly growth on
the skin. It is most often found on areas exposed to the sun, especially the
face and the backs of the hands. The growths may appear as rough red or brown
patches on the skin. They may also appear as cracking or peeling of the lower
lip that does not heal.
Without treatment, a small number of these scaly growths may turn into squamous
cell cancer.
-
Bowen's disease: Bowen's disease is a type of scaly or thickened patch
on the skin. It may turn into squamous cell skin cancer.
If you think you may be at risk for skin cancer, you should discuss this
concern with your doctor. Your doctor may be able to suggest ways to reduce
your risk and can plan a schedule for checkups. |
Dictionary Terms
albinism (AL-bye-niz-em)
A group of genetic conditions marked by little or none of the pigment melanin in the skin, hair, and/or eyes. People with albinism may have vision problems and white or yellow hair; reddish, violet, blue or brown eyes; and pale skin.
basal cell nevus syndrome (BAY-sul SEL NEE-vus SIN-drome)
A genetic condition that causes unusual facial features and disorders of the skin, bones, nervous system, eyes, and endocrine glands. People with this syndrome have a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma. Also called Gorlin syndrome and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
human papillomavirus (HYOO-mun PA-pih-LOH-muh-VY-rus)
A type of virus that can cause abnormal tissue growth (for example, warts) and other changes to cells. Infection for a long time with certain types of human papillomavirus may cause cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus may also play a role in some other types of cancer. Also called HPV.
immune system (ih-MYOON SIS-tem)
The complex group of organs and cells that defends the body against infections and other diseases.
inflammation (IN-fluh-MAY-shun)
Redness, swelling, pain, and/or a feeling of heat in an area of the body. This is a protective reaction to injury, disease, or irritation of the tissues.
risk factor (... FAK-ter)
Something that increases the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer are age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, being exposed to radiation or certain chemicals, infection with certain viruses or bacteria, and certain genetic changes.
ulcer (UL-ser)
A break on the skin, in the lining of an organ, or on the surface of a tissue. An ulcer forms when the surface cells become inflamed, die, and are shed. Ulcers may be linked to cancer and other diseases.
xeroderma pigmentosum (ZEER-oh-DER-ma pig-men-TOH-sum)
A genetic condition marked by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, including sunlight. People with xeroderma pigmentosum are not able to repair skin damage from the sun and other sources of ultraviolet radiation, and have a very high risk of skin cancer.
|
|
|
