Skip to main content
1-800-4-CANCER
Live Chat
Publications
Dictionary
Menu
Contact
Dictionary
Search
About Cancer
Understanding Cancer
What Is Cancer?
Cancer Statistics
Cancer Disparities
Cancer Causes and Prevention
Risk Factors
Genetics
Cancer Prevention Overview
Research
Cancer Screening
Cancer Screening Overview
Screening Tests
Research
Diagnosis and Staging
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Staging
Prognosis
Questions to Ask about Your Diagnosis
Research
Cancer Treatment
Types of Cancer Treatment
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Clinical Trials Information
A to Z List of Cancer Drugs
Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Questions to Ask about Your Treatment
Research
Coping with Cancer
Emotions and Cancer
Adjusting to Cancer
Self-Image & Sexuality
Day-to-Day Life
Support for Caregivers
Survivorship
Questions to Ask About Cancer
Research
Advanced Cancer
Choices for Care
Talking to Others about Your Advanced Cancer
Coping with Your Feelings During Advanced Cancer
Planning for Advanced Cancer
Advanced Cancer and Caregivers
Questions to Ask about Advanced Cancer
Research
Managing Cancer Care
Finding Health Care Services
Costs & Medical Information
Advance Directives
Using Trusted Resources
COVID-19 & Cancer
COVID-19 Information for Patients
Vaccine Information for Patients
Clinical Trials during COVID-19
Understanding Cancer
What Is Cancer
Cancer Statistics
Cancer Disparities
Causes & Prevention
Risk Factors
Genetics
Cancer Prevention Overview
Screening
Cancer Screening Overview
Screening Tests
Diagnosis & Staging
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Staging
Prognosis
Treatment
Types of Treatment
Side Effects
Clinical Trials
Cancer Drugs
Complementary & Alternative Medicine
COVID-19 & Cancer
Coping
Emotions & Cancer
Adjusting to Cancer
Self Image & Sexuality
Day to Day Life
Survivorship
Support for Caregivers
Questions to Ask About Cancer
Advanced Cancer
Choices For Care
Talking About Advanced Cancer
Coping With Your Feelings
Planning for Advanced Cancer
Advanced Cancer & Caregivers
Managing Cancer Care
Finding Health Care Services
Managing Costs and Medical Information
Advance Directives
Using Trusted Resources
Cancer Types
Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer
Young People Facing End-of-Life Care Decisions
Cancers by Body Location
Childhood Cancers
Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment
Pediatric Supportive Care
Rare Cancers of Childhood Treatment
Childhood Cancer Genomics
Study Findings
Metastatic Cancer
Metastatic Cancer Research
Liver & Bile Duct Cancer
Liver Cancer
Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)
Childhood Liver Cancer
Health Professional
Research Advances
Common Cancer Types
Recurrent Cancer
Common Cancer Types
Bladder Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
Leukemia
Liver Cancer
Lung Cancer
Lymphoma
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Skin Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Uterine Cancer
All Cancer Types
A to Z List of Cancers
Cancers by Body Location
Childhood Cancers
Adolescent & Young Adult Cancers
Metastatic Cancer
Recurrent Cancer
Research
NCI’s Role in Cancer Research
Intramural Research
Extramural Research
Cancer Research Workforce
Tech Transfer & Small Business Partnerships
Partners in Cancer Research
What Are Cancer Research Studies
Research Studies
Get Involved
Research Areas
Cancer Biology Research
Cancer Genomics Research
Research on Causes of Cancer
Cancer Detection & Diagnosis Research
Cancer Prevention Research
Cancer Treatment Research
Cancer & Public Health
Cancer Health Disparities
Childhood Cancers Research
Global Cancer Research
Cancer Research Infrastructure
NCI-Designated Cancer Centers
Clinical Trials
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Bioinformatics, Big Data, and Cancer
Key Initiatives
Progress
Annual Report to the Nation
Research Advances by Cancer Type
Stories of Discovery
Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery
Resources for Researchers
Biomedical Citizen Science
Cryo-EM
Annual Plan & Budget Proposal
Director's Message
Budget Proposal
Stories of Cancer Research
NCI Research Portfolio
Highlighted Scientific Opportunities
NCI's Role in Cancer Research
Intramural Research
Extramural Research
Cancer Research Workforce
Tech Transfer & Small Business Partnerships
Key Initiatives
Cancer Moonshot
Equity & Inclusion Program
NCI COVID-19 Research Initiatives
Childhood Cancer Data Initiative
RAS Initiative
NCI Research Areas
Cancer Biology
Cancer Genomics
Causes of Cancer
Detection & Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
Cancer & Public Health
Cancer Health Disparities
Childhood Cancer
Global Health
Research Infrastructure
NCI-Designated Cancer Centers
NCI's Clinical Trials Programs
Frederick National Lab
Bioinformatics & Cancer
Partners in Cancer Research
Progress
Annual Report to the Nation
Research Advances by Cancer Type
Stories of Discovery
Resources for Researchers
Annual Plan & Budget Proposal
Grants & Training
Research Grants
Research Funding Opportunities
Cancer Grand Challenges
Research Program Contacts
Funding Strategy
Grants Policies and Process
Introduction to Grants Process
NCI Grant Policies
Legal Requirements
Apply for a Grant
Step 1: Application Development & Submission
Step 2: Application Receipt & Assignment
Step 3: Peer Review and Funding Outcomes
Step 4: Award Negotiation & Issuance
Manage Your Award
Grants Management Contacts
Monitoring
Prior Approvals
Annual Reporting and Auditing
Transfer of a Grant
Grant Closeout
Training
Cancer Training at NCI
Resources for Trainees
Funding for Cancer Training
Building a Diverse Workforce
About Center for Cancer Training (CCT)
CCT Staff & Contact
NCI Bottom Line Blog
Research Grants
Funding Opportunities
Research Program Contacts
Funding Strategy
Grants Policies & Process
Introduction to Grants Process
NCI Policies
Legal Requirements
Apply for a Grant
Application Development & Submission
Receipt & Assignment
Peer Review & Outcomes
Award Issuance
Manage Your Award
Grants Management Contacts
Monitoring
Prior Approvals
Annual Reporting & Auditing
Transfer of a Grant
Grant Closeout
Contracts & Small Business
Training
Cancer Training at NCI (Intramural)
Resources for Trainees
Funding for Cancer Training (Extramural)
Building a Diverse Workforce
Training Program Contacts
NCI Bottom Line Blog
News & Events
National Cancer Act 50th Anniversary Commemoration
Time to End Cancer as We Know It
Stories
News Releases
Resources for News Media
Cancer Reporting Fellowships
Events
Scientific Meetings & Lectures
Conferences
Advisory Board Meetings
Social Media Events
Cancer Currents Blog
About
All News Releases
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
Media Resources
Events
Scientific Meetings & Lectures
Conferences
Advisory Board Meetings
Social Media
Cancer Currents Blog
National Cancer Act 50th Anniversary
About NCI
NCI Overview
History
Contributing to Cancer Research
Strategic Planning
Leadership
Director's Page
Principal Deputy Director's Page
Previous NCI Directors
NCI Organization
Advisory Boards and Review Groups
Budget & Appropriations
About the Annual Plan & Budget Proposal
NCI Congressional Justification
NCI Budget Fact Book
Careers at NCI
Visitor Information
Legislative Activities
Hearings & Testimonies
Current Congress
Committees of Interest
Legislative Resources
Recent Public Laws
Contact
About OGCR
Overview & Mission
History of NCI
Contributing to Cancer Research
Strategic Planning at NCI
Senior Leadership
Director
Previous Directors
NCI Organization
Divisions, Offices & Centers
Advisory Boards & Review Groups
Budget & Appropriations
Current Year Budget
About the Annual Plan
Congressional Justification
NCI Budget Fact Book
Legislative Activities
Hearings & Testimonies
Current Congress
Committees of Interest
Legislative Resources
Recent Public Laws
Contracts
Careers
Visitor Information
Search
Search
Home
About Cancer
Cancer Treatment
Clinical Trials Information
Cancer Treatment
Types of Cancer Treatment
Biomarker Testing
Chemotherapy
Hormone Therapy
Hyperthermia
Immunotherapy
Cancer Treatment Vaccines
Checkpoint Inhibitors
Immune System Modulators
Monoclonal Antibodies
Side Effects
T-cell Transfer Therapy
Photodynamic Therapy
Radiation Therapy
Brachytherapy
External Beam Radiation
Side Effects
Stem Cell Transplant
Surgery
Cryosurgery
Lasers
Targeted Therapy
Approved Drugs by Cancer Type
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Clinical Trials Information
Find NCI-Supported Clinical Trials
Steps to Find a Clinical Trial
Help With Clinical Trials Search
What Are Clinical Trials?
Where Trials Take Place
Types of Clinical Trials
Phases of Clinical Trials
Randomization
Use of Placebos
Research Team Members
Paying for Clinical Trials
Insurance Coverage and Clinical Trials
How to Work With Your Health Insurance Plan
Federal Government Programs
Patient Safety
Informed Consent
Children's Assent
Scientific Review
Ending Trials Early
Deciding to Take Part in a Trial
Questions to Ask about Treatment Clinical Trials
Selected NCI-Supported Trials
A to Z List of Cancer Drugs
Drugs Approved for Different Types of Cancer
Drugs Approved for Childhood Cancers
Drugs Approved for Conditions Related to Cancer
Off-Label Drug Use
Access to Experimental Drugs
Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM)
CAM for Patients
CAM for Health Professionals
Questions to Ask about Your Treatment
Research
Error message
Could not retrieve the oEmbed resource.
Help Yourself, Help Others
