Cuadro 7. Medicamentos adyuvantes con actividad analgésica
| Clase | Fármaco | Dosis diariaa | Estudios llevados a cabo en: | |
| Pacientes con cáncer | Pacientes sin cáncer | |||
| Antidepresivos | amitriptilina (Elavil) | 10–25 mg todos los días | [207][Grado de comprobación: I][208][Grado de comprobación: I] | [209][Grado de comprobación: I] |
| desipramina (Norpramin) | 10–150 mg todos los días | [210][Grado de comprobación: II] | [211][Grado de comprobación: II] | |
| maprotilina (Ludiomil) | 25 mg dos veces al día–50 mg tres veces al día | [212][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| duloxetina (Cymbalta) | 20 mg dos veces al día 30 mg dos veces al día | [213][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| nortriptilina (Pamelor, Aventyl) | 10–100 mg todos los días | [214][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| venlafaxina (Effexor) | 37,5–225 mg todos los días | [215][Grado de comprobación: I][216][Grado de comprobación: II] | [217][Grado de comprobación: I] | |
| Anticonvulsivos | carbamazepina(Tegretol) | 100 mg tres veces al día–400 mg tres veces al día | [218][Grado de comprobación: I] | |
| valproato (Depacon) | 500 mg tres veces al día 1,000 mg tres veces al día | [219][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| gabapentina(Neurontin) | 100 mg tres veces al día1.000 mg tres veces al día | [220][Grado de comprobación: I][221][Grado de comprobación: II] | [222][Grado de comprobación: II] | |
| clonazepam (Klonopin) | 0,5 mg dos veces al día–4 mg dos veces al día | [223][Grado de comprobación: II] | ||
| lamotrigina (Lamictal) | 25 mg dos veces al día100 mg dos veces al día | [224][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| pregabalina (Lyrica) | 150 mg divididos entre 2 o 3 dosis; aumentar a 300 mg empezando en el día 3–7; de ser necesario, aumentar a 600 mg 7 días después | [225][Grado de comprobación: I] | ||
| Anestésicos locales | mexiletina (Mexitil) | 100 mg dos veces al día 300 mg tres veces al día | [226][Grado de comprobación: I] | |
| parche de lidocaína (Lidoderm) | Un parche de 5% contiene 700 mg; aplicar parche durante 12 horas, retirarlo durante 12 horas | [227][Grado de comprobación: II] | ||
| Corticosteroides | dexametasona (Decadron) | Ver texto | ||
| prednisona | Ver texto | |||
| Bisfosfonatos | clodronata | Ver texto | ||
| pamidronato (Aredia) | Ver texto | |||
| ácido zoledrónico(Zometa) | Ver texto | [228][Grado de comprobación: II] | ||
| AINE | Para mayor información, consultar el Cuadro 1. | |||
| Misceláneos | baclofeno (Lioresal) | 5 mg tres veces al día 20 mg tres veces al día | [229][Grado de comprobación: I] | |
| calcitonina (Calcimar) | 100–200 IU (subcutánea o intranasal) | |||
| clonidina (Catapres) | 0,1 mg dos veces al día 0,3 mg dos veces al día | [230] | ||
| metilpenidata (Ritalin) | 2,5 mg dos veces al día 20 mg dos veces al día | [231][Grado de comprobación: I] | [232][Grado de comprobación: II] | |
| ketamina (Ketalar) | Para mayor información consultar la sección de este sumario sobre Receptores Antagonistas de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA). | |||
| aLas dosis iniciales deben incorporar la dosis más baja posible. | ||||
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