The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

Summary of Evidence ¹

Added text ² about the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial, which failed to demonstrate that vitamin E and selenium reduce prostate cancer period prevalence (cited Lippman et al. as reference 2).

Significance ³

Updated incidence and mortality estimates ⁴ for 2009 (cited American Cancer Society as reference 1).

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Development ⁵

Added text ⁶ about the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study, a placebo-controlled randomized trial of aspirin and folic acid supplementation for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas (cited Figueiredo et al. as reference 44 and Kristal et al. as reference 45).