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Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Treatment (PDQ®)
Patient VersionHealth Professional VersionEn españolLast Modified: 05/08/2008
Thymoma Staging System of Masaoka

Stage  Description 
I Macroscopically, completely encapsulated; microscopically, no capsular invasion
II Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura; microscopic invasion into capsule
III Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (pericardium, lung, and great vessels)
IVa Pleural or pericardial dissemination
IVb Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastases


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