Thymoma Staging System of Masaoka 1994a
| Stage | Description |
| a[12] | |
| I | Macroscopically, completely encapsulated; microscopically, no capsular invasion. |
| II | Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura; microscopic invasion into capsule. |
| III | Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (pericardium, lung, and great vessels). |
| IVa | Pleural or pericardial dissemination. |
| IVb | Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastases. |
References
- Nakagawa K, Asamura H, Matsuno Y, et al.: Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126 (4): 1134-40, 2003. [PUBMED Abstract]
