The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

General Information

Added Scott et al. as reference 24.

Added Algar et al. as reference 31.

Added text about the identification of the WTX gene on the X chromosome, which plays a role in normal kidney development and isinactivated in one third of Wilms tumors (cited Rivera et al. as reference 34).

Added text about the overexpression and gene amplification of CACNA1E and its association with favorable histology in Wilms tumor relapse (cited Natrajan et al. as reference 38).

Added Breslow et al. as reference 40.

Cellular Classification

Added text about a series of 49 patients from a population-based cancer registry of whom 33% had papillary subtype, 22% had translocation type, 16% were unclassified, and 6% had clear cell subtype; survival at 5 years was 96% for patients with localized disease, 75% for patients with positive regional lymph nodes, and 33% for patients with distant metastatic RRC (cited Selle et al. as reference 31).

Treatment Option Overview

Added Cozzi et al. as reference 13.

Added text to state that although progressive tumor growth on chemotherapy is rare, it is associated with a poorer prognosis (cited Ora et al. as reference 26).

Stage V Wilms Tumor

Added text to state that sequential biopsies should be done to establish the reason for failure to respond and identify patients with anaplasia or differentiation, select them for early surgery, and define the intensity of chemotherapy to be administered (cited Shamberger et al. as reference 4).

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