The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

Purpose of This PDQ Summary ¹

Added text ² to state that some reference citations in the summary are accompanied by a level-of-evidence designation that is intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches.

Head and Neck Cancers ³

Added text ⁴ to state that the PDQ editorial boards use a formal ranking system to help the reader judge the strength of evidence linked to the reported results of a therapeutic strategy; added a link to the PDQ summary on Levels of Evidence.

Added text ⁵ to state that a chemotherapy regimen of carboplatin, epirubicin, vincristine, etoposide, ifosfamide, and dactinomycin has been used in the treatment of metastatic sialoblastoma and has produced a response in one child (cited Scott et al. as reference 71 and added level of evidence: 3iiiDiv).

Thoracic Cancers ⁶

Added text ⁷ to state that the PDQ editorial boards use a formal ranking system to help the reader judge the strength of evidence linked to the reported results of a therapeutic strategy; added a link to the PDQ summary on Levels of Evidence.

Added Coulter et al. as reference 47 ⁸.

Abdominal Cancers ⁹

Added text ¹⁰ to state that the PDQ editorial boards use a formal ranking system to help the reader judge the strength of evidence linked to the reported results of a therapeutic strategy; added a link to the PDQ summary on Levels of Evidence.

Added text ¹¹ to state that postoperative treatment with cisplatin, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and etoposide has produced responses in patients with pancreatoblastoma (cited Lee et al. as reference 41 and added level of evidence: 3iiiA).

Added Hill et al. as reference 51 ¹² and level of evidence: 3iiiA.

Other Rare Childhood Cancers ¹³

Added protocol ¹⁴ NCI-07-C-0189 as a treatment option under clinical evaluation (cited Herbst et al. and Vidal et al. as references 22 and 23, respectively).