Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin or Bleomycin Sulfate, Etoposide and Cisplatin in Treating Patients with Previously Untreated Intermediate- or Poor-Risk Germ Cell Tumors

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients with newly diagnosed GCT
• Pathology confirmation of GCT histology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) or a collaborating treating institution; in exceptional circumstances, patients without pathological diagnosis may be included in the study following discussion with national principal investigator, Dr. Feldman, (or national Co-principal investigator [PI] or MSKCC Co-PI if the national PI is unavailable) if they meet the one of the following criteria: * Patients with testicular mass (detected clinically and/or by ultrasound), and/or mediastinal or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy or pineal tumor AND elevated serum tumor markers (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] and/or alpha-fetoprotein [AFP]); patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) only will not be included without pathological confirmation of GCT since LDH is a nonspecific marker for GCT and could potentially be elevated in other malignancies such as lymphomas * This is because patients may present with a clinical scenario consistent with GCT (elevated serum tumor markers, testicular mass and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy) with a concurrent life-threatening oncologic emergency that require immediate treatment. In this case, initial treatment without biopsy confirmation is usually recommended and tissue confirmation may be obtained after initiating therapy
• Patients must have measurable or evaluable disease
• Patients must be classified as having intermediate or poor-risk germ cell tumor, as follows: * Intermediate-risk (modified*) ** Testis or retroperitoneal primary non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) with lymph node and/or lung metastasis but without non-pulmonary visceral metastasis AND any of the following pretreatment serum tumor marker (STM) values: *** Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from 3 to < 10 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (*this differs from the original International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group [IGCCCG] criteria which includes patients with LDH from 1.5 to 10 x ULN) *** Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) from 5,000 to < 50,000 MIU/mL *** Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) from 1,000 to < 10,000 ng/mL ** Seminoma histology regardless the primary site or serum tumor markers with any non-pulmonary visceral metastasis (liver, bone, brain, etc) * Poor-risk (any of the following): ** Testis or retroperitoneal NSGCT primary with non-pulmonary visceral metastasis (liver, bone, brain, etc) regardless the STM values ** Mediastinal NSGCT primary site of disease regardless the presence/absence of visceral metastasis or STM values ** Testis or retroperitoneal NSGCT primary without non-pulmonary visceral metastasis but with poor-risk STM values: *** LDH >= 10 x ULN *** HCG >= 50,000 MIU/mL *** AFP >= 10,000 ng/mL
• Patients who received prior radiation therapy (RT) for treatment of germ cell tumor are eligible for this study as long as there is evidence of progressive disease determined by tumor markers or other sites of metastases outside of the radiated site; radiation must be completed prior to starting chemotherapy with the exception of brain metastases where chemotherapy and radiation can be given concurrently; toxicity from radiation must have recovered to grade 1 or less prior to initiating chemotherapy
• Patients must have recovered from prior surgery based on treating physician's discretion
• Patients of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during the period of therapy
• Signed informed consent
• Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) adjusted for hemoglobin >= 60% predicted, except if related to high volume metastatic GCT to the lungs, in which case there is no minimum DLCO requirement; in some cases, patients may not be able to undergo pulmonary function test (PFT) testing due to the severity of their presentation, such as those with high volume lung metastases or tumor-related pain (from large mediastinal masses, pleural disease, etc.) limiting their ability to complete PFTs; even when PFTs can be completed in these cases, patients will still be eligible if the low DLCO can be attributed directly to the patient's disease (e.g. large mediastinal mass) rather than intrinsic lung disease; since there is no minimum DLCO for these patients, under these extraordinary circumstances, this will be allowed; most patients in this situation will be expected to receive disease-stabilizing chemotherapy; an unadjusted DLCO may be used in place of the DLCO adjusted for hemoglobin in certain situations as per institutional policy; for example, MSKCC policy is to not adjust the DLCO for hemoglobin when the hemoglobin is >= 14.6 g/dL for males and >= 13.4 g/dL for females; in these cases, the unadjusted DLCO must be >= 60% predicted
• White blood cell (WBC) >= 3000/UL (obtained =< 14 days before initiation of therapy)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/UL
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dL or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (obtained =< 14 days before initiation of therapy) (by Cockcroft-Gault) >= 50 mL/min or 12 or 24 hour urine creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min, unless renal insufficiency is due to tumoral ureteral obstruction in which case eligibility will be determined by the national principal investigator (or national co-PI or MSKCC co-PI if the national PI is unavailable) with notification of the MSKCC Institutional Review Board (IRB)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x ULN; in the setting of metastatic disease to the liver, AST/ALT may be =< 5 x ULN (obtained =< 14 days before initiation of therapy)
• Total bilirubin =< 2.0 x ULN; in the setting of metastatic disease to the liver, total bilirubin =< 2.5 x ULN; if a patient is known or suspected to have Gilbert’s disease, total bilirubin up to =< 2.5 x ULN is allowed

Exclusion Criteria

• Any prior chemotherapy; the only exception will be patients with a history of stage I seminoma treated with adjuvant carboplatin for 1 or 2 cycles
• Concurrent treatment with any cytotoxic therapy
• Known concurrent malignancy (except for non-melanoma skin cancer)
• Patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
• Presence of an active infection; patients with fever assessed to be "tumor fever" but without active evidence of infection (e.g. blood cultures are negative) are eligible; in addition, patients who have an infection but without evidence of fever for 48 hours on antibiotics will be eligible
• Inability to comply with the treatment protocol or to undergo pre-specified follow-up tests for safety or effectiveness
• Pregnant patients are ineligible