18F-FMAU PET/CT in Diagnosing and Characterizing Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients must have rising serum PSA level defined as at least 2 consecutive rises in PSA documented over a reference value; the first rising PSA (2nd measure) should be taken at least 14 days after the reference value; a confirmatory PSA measure (3rd measure) obtained at least 14 days after the 2nd measure is required and must be greater than the 2nd measure; initial (reference) PSA must be >= 4 and the two consecutive rises must all be >= 0.5 over the previous PSA measure
• Suspected prostate cancer based on elevated PSA level (>= 4) and abnormal digital rectal examination with clinical decision to proceed to prostate biopsy
• Elevated PSA level (>= 4) and a prior negative standard biopsy of the prostate
• Creatinine =< 1.5 x the institutional upper limit of normal
• Already scheduled to undergo biopsy

Exclusion Criteria

• History of cancer other than prostate cancer (except squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been treated with curative intent)
• History of myocardial infarction within 6 months of the enrollment
• Active infection (except mild upper respiratory infections)
• Active prostatitis
• History of recent fracture (within 3 months of recruitment), complicated non-healing fracture, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty
• Unable to undergo MR imaging (e.g. cardiac device, metals, claustrophobia, etc.)