Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients with Newly-Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
This phase II trial studies how well daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone work in treating patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma. Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody that may interfere with the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Carfilzomib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Chemotherapy drugs, such as lenalidomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as dexamethasone lower the body’s immune response and are used with other drugs in the treatment of some types of cancer. Giving daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone may work better in treating patients with multiple myeloma.
Inclusion Criteria
- Newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed multiple myeloma (MM) based on the following criteria: * Clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow * Measurable disease within the past 4 weeks defined by any one of the following: ** Serum monoclonal protein >= 1.0 g/dL ** Urine monoclonal protein > 200 mg/24 hour ** Involved serum immunoglobulin free light chain > 10 mg/dL AND abnormal kappa/lambda ratio
- Evidence of underlying end organ damage and/or myeloma defining event attributed to underlying plasma cell proliferative disorder meeting at least one of the following: * Hypercalcemia: serum calcium > 0.25 mmol/L (> 1 mg/dL) above upper limit of normal or >= 2.75 mmol/L (11 mg/dL) * Anemia: hemoglobin value < 10 g/dL or > 2 g/dL below lower limit of normal * Bone disease: >= 1 lytic lesions on skeletal X-ray, computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT; for patients with 1 lytic lesion, bone marrow should demonstrate >= 10% clonal plasma cells * Clonal bone marrow plasma cell percentage >= 60% * Involved/un-involved serum free light chain ratio >= 100 and involved free light chain > 100 mg/L * > 1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging study (lesion must be > 5 mm) in size
- Creatinine clearance >= 60 ml/min; creatinine clearance (CrCl) can be measured or estimated using Cockcroft-Gault method, modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), or chronic kidney disease-epidemiology (CKD-EPI) formulae
- Age >= 18 years at the time of signing the informed consent documentation
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.0 K/uL, unless if cytopenias are deemed to be due disease at discretion of clinical investigator; transfusions and growth factors are permissible
- Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL, unless if cytopenias are deemed to be due disease at discretion of clinical investigator; transfusions and growth factors are permissible
- Platelet count >= 75 K/uL, unless if cytopenias are deemed to be due disease at discretion of clinical investigator; transfusions and growth factors are permissible
- Bilirubin < 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3.0 x ULN
- All study participants must be able to tolerate one of the following thromboprophylactic strategies: aspirin, low molecular weight heparin or warfarin (coumadin) or alternative anti-coagulant
- All study participants must be registered into the mandatory electronic Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (eREMS) program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of REMS
- Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 10 – 14 days and again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for cycle 1 (prescriptions must be filled within 7 days) and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking lenalidomide; FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing; men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy * A female of childbearing potential is a sexually mature female who: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
Exclusion Criteria
- Patients receiving > 1 cycle of prior treatment or concurrent systemic treatment for multiple myeloma * Treatment of hypercalcemia or spinal cord compression or aggressively progressing myeloma with current or prior corticosteroids is permitted * Bisphosphonates are permitted * Concurrent or prior treatment with corticosteroids for indications other than multiple myeloma is permitted * Prior treatment with radiotherapy is permitted * Prior treatment for smoldering myeloma is permitted with a washout period of 2 weeks from last dose; smoldering patients previously treated with carfilzomib are excluded * Patients with measurable disease who received up to one cycle of any therapy within 60 days with a washout period of 2 weeks from last dose (on a trial or outside a trial) are eligible
- Plasma cell leukemia
- Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome
- Amyloidosis
- Has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 50% of predicted normal (note that FEV1 testing is required for subjects suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal)
- Pregnant or lactating females; because there is a potential risk for adverse events nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide; these potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study
- Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes
- Active hepatitis B or C infection
- Seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Seropositive for hepatitis B (defined by a positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]). Subjects with resolved infection (ie, subjects who are HBsAg negative but positive for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc] and/or antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs]) must be screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. Those who are PCR positive will be excluded. EXCEPTION: Subjects with serologic findings suggestive of HBV vaccination (anti-HBs positivity as the only serologic marker) AND a known history of prior HBV vaccination, do not need to be tested for HBV DNA by PCR
- Seropositive for hepatitis C (except in the setting of a sustained virologic response [SVR], defined as aviremia at least 12 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy)
- Has significant cardiovascular disease with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV symptoms, ejection fraction (EF) =< 40% or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or restrictive cardiomyopathy, or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment, or unstable angina, or unstable arrhythmia as determined by history and physical examination; echocardiogram will be performed during screening evaluation
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Has refractory gastrointestinal (GI) disease with refractory nausea/vomiting, inflammatory bowel disease, or bowel resection that would prevent absorption of oral agents
- Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including but not limited to active infection or psychiatric illness/social situations that would compromise compliance with study requirements
- Significant neuropathy >= grade 3 or grade 2 neuropathy with pain at baseline
- Contraindication to any concomitant medication, including antivirals or anticoagulation
- Major surgery within 3 weeks prior to first dose
Study sponsor and potential other locations can be found on ClinicalTrials.gov for NCT03290950.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To assess the rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity after completion of the combination therapy using multiparametric flow cytometry.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine safety and tolerability.
II. To evaluate the rates of overall response (partial response [PR] or better), very good partial response (VGPR) or better, and complete response (CR) or stringent CR (sCR).
III. To estimate overall and progression-free survival.
IV. To compare MRD techniques of multi-parametric flow cytometry with next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry.
V. To create a bone marrow, urine, and peripheral blood sample bank.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. The gene panel myTYPE will explore whether any mutations appear to be associated with response to therapy or toxicity.
II. myTYPE will be evaluated using samples at the time of progression of disease or during an ongoing response and will be compared to the pre-treatment baseline samples to explore whether pathways leading to emergence of resistance to the drug regimen can be identified.
III. To evaluate the effects on stem cell mobilization quality in patients receiving daratumamab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone.
OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 cohorts.
COHORT I: Patients receive daratumumab intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of cycles 1-2, days 1 and 15 of cycles 3-6, and day 1 of subsequent cycles. Patients receive carfilzomib IV over 30 minutes on days 2, 3, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of cycle 1 and on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of subsequent cycles. Patients receive lenalidomide orally (PO) on days 2-21 of cycle 1 and on days 1-21 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive dexamethasone PO or IV on days 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 15, 16, and 22 of cycle 1, on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, and 22 of cycle 2, and on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of subsequent cycles. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
COHORT II: Patients receive daratumumab IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of cycles 1-2, days 1 and 15 of cycles 3-6, and day 1 of subsequent cycles. Patients receive carfilzomib IV over 30 minutes on days 2, 8, and 15 of cycle 1 and on days 1, 8, and 15 of subsequent cycles. Patients receive lenalidomide PO on days 2-21 of cycle 1 and on days 1-21 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive dexamethasone PO or IV on days 1, 2, 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 1, on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 2, and on days 1, 8, and 15 of subsequent cycles. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 1 month and 1, 2, and 3 years.
Trial PhasePhase II
Trial Typetreatment
Lead OrganizationMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Principal InvestigatorNeha S. Korde
- Primary ID17-352
- Secondary IDsNCI-2017-01843
- ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT03290950