High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Treating Patients with Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of early stage prostate cancer
• Must be considered either low-risk (T1-T2a, Gleason =< 6, prostate specific antigen [PSA] < 10 ng/mL) or favorable intermediate-risk (Gleason 3 + 4 = 7, percentage of positive biopsy cores < 50%, no more than one National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN] intermediate risk factor)
• Prior androgen deprivation therapy is allowed and may have been initiated up to 6 months prior to the date of the HDR implant; the complete duration of androgen deprivation therapy can range from 4 months to 36 months provided it has been initiated no more than 6 months prior to the date of the HDR implant
• At least 18 years of age
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2
• Able to understand and willing to sign an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved written informed consent document (or that of legally authorized representative, if applicable)

Exclusion Criteria

• Prior radiation therapy to the prostate or lower pelvis encompassing the prostate
• A history of other malignancy =< 5 years previous with the exception of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin which were treated with local resection only
• Currently receiving any other investigational agents
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, or cardiac arrhythmia
• Unable to undergo general, spinal or local anesthesia
• Prior transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) with a sufficiently large defect that would compromise the integrity of the implant per clinician’s assessment