Radium Ra 223 Dichloride and External Beam Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients with Prostate Cancer Metastatic in the Bone

Inclusion Criteria

• Asymptomatic or symptomatic hormone naive men with testosterone levels >= 100 ng/dL with previously treated localized prostate cancer who now have rising PSAs and five or fewer bone metastases
• Subjects who have been previously treated with definitive and/or adjuvant/salvage radiotherapy to the primary site and/or regional lymph nodes with concurrent ADT are allowed if the last hormone therapy delivered > 6 months prior; subjects who have had more than 30 days and fewer than 45 days of bicalutamide monotherapy for any reason within the 6 months prior to enrollment are eligible for the study, providing they have been off of the drug for at least 30 days prior to enrollment; subjects who have had fewer than 30 days of bicalutamide are eligible for the study, as long as they discontinue the drug at least 5 days prior to the first study treatment
• Histologic confirmation of prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis
• Age >= 18 years
• Life expectancy of at least 2 years
• White blood cell count (WBC) >= 3,000/mm^3
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mm^3
• Platelet (PLT) count >= 100,000/mm^3
• Hemoglobin (HGB) >= 10 g/dl
• Total bilirubin level =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN
• Creatinine =< 1.5 x ULN
• Albumin > 2.5 mg/dL
• Willing and able to comply with the protocol, including follow-up visits and examinations
• Karnofsky performance score > 60 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) equivalent
• Radiographic confirmation of oligometastatic diagnosis via bone scan validated by either computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with fluciclovine within the past 90 days
• Subjects who have not had surgical removal of their prostate and have a partner of child bearing potential must agree to use condoms beginning at the signing of the informed consent form (ICF) until at least 6 months after the last dose of study drug; because of the potential side effect on spermatogenesis associated with radiation, female partners of childbearing potential must agree to use a highly effective contraceptive method during and for 6 months after completing treatment
• Able to provide informed consent and willing to sign an approved consent form that conforms to federal and institutional guidelines

Exclusion Criteria

• Men with known brain or visceral metastases (except regional lymph nodes) defined by CT or MRI imaging of the abdomen or pelvis
• Men who have had luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist hormone therapy in the prior six months
• Men with > 5 validated bony metastases
• Men with baseline serum testosterone < 100 ng/dL
• Men with new or progressing lymphadenopathy clearly consistent with prostate metastasis on imaging or proven by pathologic biopsy at any time three months or later following their initial definitive therapy
• Prior or concurrent invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) or lymphomatous/hematogenous malignancy unless continually disease free for a minimum of 3 years; all patients with in situ carcinoma are eligible for this study (for example, carcinoma in situ of the oral cavity is eligible) except patients with carcinoma of the bladder (including in situ bladder cancer or superficial bladder cancer)
• Use of finasteride within 30 days prior to therapy PSA should not be obtained prior to 30 days after stopping finasteride
• Use of dutasteride within 90 days prior to therapy; PSA should not be obtained prior to 90 days after stopping dutasteride
• Previous or concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer
• Received systemic therapy with radionuclides (e.g., strontium-89, samarium-153, rhenium-186, or rhenium-188, or radium Ra-223 dichloride) for the treatment of bony metastases
• Men who will receive radical prostatectomy to the primary site
• Imminent spinal cord compression based on clinical findings and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); spinal cord compression will be defined as 360-degree circumferential obliteration of T2 cerebrospinal fluid signal around the spinal cord; treatment should be completed for spinal cord compression
• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows: * Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months * Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months * Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of registration * Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects; note, however, that laboratory tests for liver function and coagulation parameters are not required for entry into this protocol; (patients on Coumadin or other blood thinning agents are eligible for this study) * Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition; note, however, that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is not required for entry into this protocol; the need to exclude patients with AIDS from this protocol is necessary because the treatments involved in this protocol may be significantly immunosuppressive
• Cardiac failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) III or IV Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• Bone marrow dysplasia
• Fecal incontinence
• Any condition which, in the investigator’s opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for trial participation