Pembrolizumab, Binimetinib, and Bevacizumab in Treating Participant with Metastatic Unresectable Colorectal Cancer
This phase II trial studies how well pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab work in treating participants with colorectal cancer that has spread to other places in the body and cannot be removed by surgery. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Binimetinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Bevacizumab is in a class of medications called antiangiogenic agents. It works by stopping the formation of blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to tumor. This may slow the growth and spread of tumor. Giving pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab may work better in treating participants with colorectal cancer.
Inclusion Criteria
- Provision to sign and date the consent form
- Age >= 18 years
- Able to comply with the study protocol, in the investigator’s judgment
- Patient must state willingness to undergo pre- and post-treatment biopsies. According to the investigator’s judgement, the planned biopsies should not expose the patient to substantially increased risk of complications
- Patient must have biopsiable disease
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
- Histologically confirmed unresectable metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma
- Progression or intolerance on at least two prior lines of therapy for unresectable metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma * Administration of bevacizumab previously does not impact study inclusion
- Measurable disease, according to RECIST v1.1. Note that lesions intended to be biopsied should not be target lesions. Lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if progression has been demonstrated in such lesions
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: White blood cell (WBC) >= 2.5 and =< 15.0 x 10^9/L
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 x 10^9/L
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Platelet count >= 100 x 10^9/L
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL without transfusion in the previous week
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Albumin >= 2.5 g/dL
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN); patients with known Gilbert’s disease may have a bilirubin =< 3.0 x ULN
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: International normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 1.5 x ULN
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Amylase and lipase =< 1.5 x ULN
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x ULN with the following exceptions: * Patients with documented liver metastases: AST and/or ALT =< 5 x ULN
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) =< 3 x ULN with the following exceptions: * Patients with documented liver or bone metastases: ALP =< 5 x ULN
- Within 14 days prior to first dose of study drug treatment: Creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min
- For women of childbearing potential, defined as a woman who is post-menarcheal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (>= 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus): * Acknowledgment that she is not currently breastfeeding and agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or agreement to use contraceptive methods, as defined: ** Remain abstinent; the reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. ** Contraceptive methods that result in a failure rate of < 1% per year during the treatment period and for at least 180 days after the last study treatment. Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of < 1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices and copper intrauterine devices
- For men: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or agreement to use contraceptive methods, and to refrain from donating sperm, as defined: * With female partners of childbearing potential, pregnant female partners, or breastfeeding partners men must: ** Remain abstinent; the reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception; or ** Contraceptive methods; use a male condom plus partner use of a contraceptive method with a failure rate of < 1% per year when having penile-vaginal intercourse with a woman of childbearing potential who is not currently pregnant. Agreement must occur during the treatment period and for at least 180 days after the last dose of study treatment. Men must refrain from donating sperm during this same period
Exclusion Criteria
- Cancer-related exclusion criteria: * Patients with known MSI-high status or unknown MSI status are not eligible for study entry * Patients with BRAF V600E mutations are not eligible for the study * Surgical procedure (surgical resection, wound revision or any other major surgery) or significant traumatic injury within 60 days prior to enrollment, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study. Minor surgical procedure within 7 days (including placement of a vascular access device) of study cycle 1 day 1 ** Study-related biopsies are NOT considered surgical procedures under the exclusion criteria * Untreated central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Treatment of brain metastases, either by surgical or radiation techniques, must have been completed at least 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment * Treatment with any investigational agent or approved therapy within 21 days (cycle 1 day 1) * Malignancies other than CRC within 3 years prior to cycle 1 day 1 with the exception of those with a negligible risk of metastasis or death (e.g., expected 5-year overall survival > 90%) treated with expected curative outcome (such as adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, basal or squamous cell skin cancer, localized prostate cancer treated surgically with curative intent, ductal carcinoma in situ treated surgically with curative intent) * Prior radiation therapy within 14 days prior to study cycle 1 day 1 and/or persistence of radiation-related adverse effects. However, palliative radiation therapy (as long as it does not involve target lesions) is permitted on the study * Prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplant for another malignancy in the past * Spinal cord compression not definitively treated with surgery and/or radiation * Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures * Uncontrolled tumor related pain. Patients who require narcotic pain medication during screening should be on a stable dose regimen prior to cycle 1 day 1
- Exclusion criteria related to study medication: * Current or recent (within 10 days of study enrollment) use of acetylsalicylic acid (> 325 mg/day), clopidogrel (> 75 mg/day) or current or recent (within 10 days of first dose of bevacizumab) use of therapeutic oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purpose. Note: The use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants is permitted as long as the INR or partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is within therapeutic limits (according to the medical standard of the enrolling institution) and the patient has been on a stable dose of anticoagulants for at least 2 weeks at the time of cycle 1 day 1. Prophylactic use of anticoagulants is allowed * History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins * Known hypersensitivity or allergy to biopharmaceuticals produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, any components of binimetinib, pembrolizumab, or bevacizumab formulations or any premedications * Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies, anti-PD-1, anti-PD L1, anti-PD-L2 or MAPK pathway inhibitors (e.g.; BRAF, MEK, ERK inhibitors) * Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to randomization
- Exclusion criteria based on autoimmune conditions: * History of autoimmune disease including but not limited to myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis * o History of non-infectious pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease * Has an autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunesuppressive drugs. Replacement therapy (eg; thyroxine, insulin, physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
- Exclusion criteria based on organ function or medical history: * History of clinically significant cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction including the following: ** Inadequately controlled hypertension (that is defined as systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg that is treated or untreated) ** History of myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to first dose of study drug in cycle ** Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy ** History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, idiopathic pneumonitis, evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan or non-infectious pneuomonitis requiring steroids * Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent arterial thrombosis) within 6 months of cycle 1 day 1 * History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to cycle 1 day 1 * Serious non-healing wound, active ulcer or untreated bone fracture * History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation within 6 months prior to cycle 1 day 1 * History of hemoptysis (>= one teaspoon of bright red blood per episode), or any other serious hemorrhage or at risk of bleeding (gastrointestinal history of bleeds, gastrointestinal ulcers, etc.). INR > 1.5 and aPTT > 1.5 x ULN within 7 days prior to cycle 1 day 1. History or evidence of inherited bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy at risk of bleeding * Life expectancy of < 12 weeks * Any previous venous thromboembolism >= grade 3 * Proteinuria at screening as demonstrated by urine dipstick >= 2+ or 24-hour. proteinuria > 1.0 g * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below institutional lower limit of normal * Uncontrolled serious medical or psychiatric illness * Pregnant or lactating, or intending to become pregnant during the study. Women who are not post-menopausal (>= 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause) or surgically sterile must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to cycle 1 day 1
- Ocular exclusion criteria: * History or evidence of retinal pathology on ophthalmologic examination that is considered a risk factor for neurosensory retinal detachment/central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vein occlusion or neovascular macular degeneration * Patients will be excluded if they have the following risk factors for retinal vein occlusion: Uncontrolled glaucoma with intraocular pressure >= 21 mmHg. Serum cholesterol >= grade 2. Hypertriglyceridemia >= grade 2. Hyperglycemia (fasting) >= grade 2
- Exclusion criteria based on infectious diseases: * Active infection requiring IV antibiotics at screening * Patients with active hepatitis B (chronic or acute; defined as having a positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] test at screening). Patients with past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test must be performed in these patients prior to cycle 1 day 1 * Patients with active hepatitis C. Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) * Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection * Influenza vaccination should be given during influenza season. Patients must not receive live, attenuated influenza vaccine (e.g., FluMist) within 4 weeks prior to cycle 1 day 1 or at any time during the study and for at least 5 months after the last dose of study drug
Study sponsor and potential other locations can be found on ClinicalTrials.gov for NCT03475004.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To determine the effect of pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab on response rate in this patient population using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version (v)1.1.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine the progression free survival (PFS) of combination therapy with pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) refractory to at least two standard lines of therapy.
II. To determine the effect of pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab on overall survival in this patient population.
III. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 tumor expression and mismatch repair (microsatellite stable [MSS] versus [v] microsatellite instability [MSI]) status and efficacy of pembrolizumab, binimetinib, and bevacizumab.
II. To assess for change in PD-L1 and phosphorylated ERK expression in pre- and post- treatment tumor tissue.
III. To compare the response rate determined according to RECIST v1.1 to that identified by Immune Related Response Criteria (irRC).
OUTLINE: Participants are randomized into 1 of 2 cohorts.
COHORT A: Participants receive binimetinib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days -7 to 0. Beginning on day 1, participants receive binimetinib PO BID, pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes, and bevacizumab IV on day 1. Treatment with pembrolizumab repeats every 21 days for up to 35 courses and courses with binimetinib and bevacizumab repeat every 21 days in the absence of adverse event or unaccepted toxicity.
COHORT B: Participants receive binimetinib PO BID, pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes, and bevacizumab IV on day 1. Treatment with pembrolizumab repeats every 21 days for up to 35 courses and courses with binimetinib and bevacizumab repeat every 21 days in the absence of adverse event or unaccepted toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up every 3 months.
Trial PhasePhase II
Trial Typetreatment
Lead OrganizationUCHealth University of Colorado Hospital
Principal InvestigatorChristopher Hanyoung Lieu
- Primary ID17-0466
- Secondary IDsNCI-2018-00865
- ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT03475004