Temozolomide and Olaparib for the Treatment of MGMT Promoter Hypermethylated Relapsed or Refractory Colorectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol
• Provision of signed and dated, written informed consent form prior to any mandatory study specific procedures, sampling, and analyses
• For inclusion in i) the optional exploratory genetic research and ii) the optional biomarker research, patients must fulfill the following criteria: * Provision of informed consent for genetic research prior to collection of sample * Provision of informed consent for biomarker research prior to collection of sample
• If a patient declines to participate in the optional exploratory genetic research or the optional biomarker research, there will be no penalty or loss of benefit to the patient. The patient will not be excluded from other aspects of the study
• Individuals who are healthy as determined by medical evaluation including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and cardiac monitoring
• Individuals with histologically proven relapsed/refractory mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma
• MGMT promoter hypermethylation on pre-screening
• Patients must have had recurrence, progression or intolerance to standard therapy consisting of at least 2 prior standard regimens (containing a fluropyrimidine plus a platinum analogue and/or irinotecan) for metastatic disease. In the case where all chemotherapy agents are used concurrently (i.e. fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan [FOLFOXIRI] +/- bevacizumab) 1 prior treatment regimen is acceptable after discussion with the principal investigator. Relapse within 6 months of completing adjuvant chemotherapy is considered one line of therapy in the metastatic setting
• Hemoglobin >= 10.0 g/dL with no blood transfusion in the past 28 days (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 x 10^9/L (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Platelet count >= 100 x 10^9/L (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal unless liver metastases are present in which case they must be =< 5 x ULN (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Patients must have creatinine clearance estimated of >= 51 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault equation or based on a 24 hour urine test (measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment)
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
• Patients must have a life expectancy >= 16 weeks
• At least one lesion, not previously irradiated, that can be accurately measured at baseline as >= 10 mm in the longest diameter (except lymph nodes which must have short axis >= 15 mm) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and which is suitable for accurate repeated measurements
• Postmenopausal or evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential: negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment and confirmed prior to treatment on day 1. Postmenopausal is defined as: * Amenorrheic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments * Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the post menopausal range for women under 50 * Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses > 1 year ago * Chemotherapy-induced menopause with > 1 year interval since last menses * Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
• Male patients must use a condom during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose of olaparib when having sexual intercourse with a pregnant woman or with a woman of childbearing potential. Female partners of male patients should also use a highly effective form of contraception if they are of childbearing potential

Exclusion Criteria

• Other malignancy unless curatively treated with no evidence of disease for >= 5 years except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in situ cancer of the cervix, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), stage 1, grade 1 endometrial carcinoma
• Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) indicating uncontrolled, potentially reversible cardiac conditions, as judged by the investigator (eg., unstable ischemia, uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, Fridericia's Correction Formula (QTcF) prolongation > 500 ms, electrolyte disturbances, etc.), or patients with congenital long QT syndrome
• Persistent toxicities (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event [CTCAE] grade 2) caused by previous cancer therapy, excluding alopecia
• Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia or with features suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
• Patients with symptomatic uncontrolled brain metastases. A scan to confirm the absence of brain metastases is not required. The patient can receive a stable dose of corticosteroids before and during the study as long as these were started at least 4 weeks prior to treatment. Patients with spinal cord compression unless considered to have received definitive treatment for this and evidence of clinically stable disease for 28 days
• Patients considered a poor medical risk due to a serious, uncontrolled medical disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or active, uncontrolled infection. Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, unstable spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, extensive interstitial bilateral lung disease on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent
• Patients unable to swallow orally administered medication and patients with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication
• Immunocompromised patients, e.g., patients who are known to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Patients with known active hepatitis (i.e. Hepatitis B or C) * Active hepatitis B virus (HBV) is defined by a known positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) result. Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody and absence of HBsAg) are eligible * Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Any previous treatment with PARP inhibitor, including olaparib
• Any previous treatment with temozolomide or other monofunctional alkylating agent
• Patients receiving any systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy (except for palliative reasons) within 3 weeks prior to study treatment
• Concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg. itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (eg. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to starting olaparib and temozolomide is 2 weeks
• Concomitant use of known strong (eg. phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John’s wort ) or moderate CYP3A inducers (eg. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period prior to starting olaparib and temozolomide is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents
• Major surgery within 2 weeks of starting study treatment and patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery
• Previous allogenic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT)
• Whole blood transfusions in the last 120 days prior to entry to the study (packed red blood cells and platelet transfusions are acceptable)
• Participation in another clinical study with an investigational product administered in the last 28 days
• Subjects with a known hypersensitivity to temozolomide, olaparib, any of the excipients of either product, or the combination
• Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the combination/comparator agent
• Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study
• Judgment by the investigator that the patient should not participate in the study if the patient is unlikely to comply with study procedures, restrictions and requirements
• Previous enrollment in the present study
• Breast feeding women