Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Oligoprogression on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Inclusion Criteria

• Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial.
• Be >= 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent.
• Have histologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma with metastatic disease detected on imaging. Biopsy of metastasis is preferred but not required.
• The subject has a performance status of 0, 1, or 2 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Scale.
• The life expectancy is > 6 months.
• The most recent systemic therapy must be an ICI-containing regimen, delivered for at least 3 months prior to development of oligoprogressive lesions, with the last dose received within 3 months of trial enrollment.
• Oligoprogression – defined as documented progression in up to 5 individual lesions with no previous local therapy to those sites using one of the following criteria: * Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 ** At least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (long axis for non-nodal lesions, short axis for nodal lesions), using the previous imaging as a baseline ** The sum of all diameters must demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm ** The appearance of at least one new unequivocal lesion * Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) ** Peak standardized uptake (SUVpeak), normalized to lean body mass (SUL) increase by at least 30% and increase by at least 0.8 SUL of the target lesion ** Development of at least one new lesion ** Increase in target lesion size by 30% ** Unequivocal progression of nontarget lesions
• Progressive enlargement of a known metastasis on 2 consecutive imaging studies at least 2 months apart with a minimum 5 mm increase in size
• Development of a new soft tissue metastatic lesion at least 5 mm in size or any new bone metastasis
• There is no restriction on the total number of metastases
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >=1,500 /mcL (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment)
• Platelets >=75,000 / mcL (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment)
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment)
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance [CrCl]) >= 30 mL/min for subject with creatinine levels > 1.5 X institutional ULN (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment) * Creatinine clearance should be calculated per institutional standard * IF SBRT will be delivered to a lesion in or abutting the kidney
• Serum total bilirubin =<1.5 X ULN (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment) * IF SBRT will be delivered to a lesion in or abutting the kidney
• Direct bilirubin =<ULN for subjects with total bilirubin levels > 1.5 ULN (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment) * IF SBRT will be delivered to a lesion in or abutting the kidney
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) =<2.5 X ULN OR =<5 X ULN for subjects with liver metastases (should be performed within 28 days of protocol treatment) * IF SBRT will be delivered to a lesion in or abutting the kidney
• Able to be treated with SBRT at a Yale radiation oncology facility
• Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of SBRT. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
• Female subjects of childbearing must use an effective form of birth control during this study. Acceptable and highly effective birth control methods include intra-uterine hormone releasing system as well as other methods of birth control including consistent use of an approved oral contraceptive (birth control pill), an implantable contraceptive, an injectable contraceptive, a double-barrier method, or true abstinence. Oral, implantable, or injectable contraceptives are only considered effective if used properly and started at least 30 days prior to the screening visit and continue for 120 days after last dose of study drug. Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 6 months after the last dose of study therapy.

Exclusion Criteria

• Has had radiation therapy within 2 weeks of the first protocol treatment.
• Has brain-only oligoprogression. Subjects with brain and systemic oligoprogression can still be considered, however treatment of brain metastases will be per standard of care prior to receiving study SBRT.
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 2 weeks of the first protocol treatment. The use of low dose steroids for management of chronic conditions is allowed (up to 12mg prednisone orally per day or the equivalent).
• Has had prior radiation therapy within 2 weeks of the first protocol treatment.
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy.
• Has an active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 3 months or a documented history of clinically severe autoimmune disease, or a syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. Subjects with vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy would be an example of an exception to this rule. Subjects that require intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injections would not be excluded from the study. Those with a history of hypothyroidism who are now stable on hormone replacement will not be excluded. Those with Sjogren's syndrome will not be excluded from the study.
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids, current pneumonitis, or underlying lung disease that according to the treating physician makes the patient ineligible.
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.
• Has known active Hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid [HCV RNA] [qualitative] is detected).
• Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first protocol treatment.
• Has serious medical comorbidities precluding radiotherapy. These include subjects with connective tissue diseases such as lupus or scleroderma, Crohn’s disease in subjects where the gastrointestinal (GI) tract will receive radiation.
• Substantial overlap with a previously treated radiation volume. Prior radiotherapy is allowed as long as the composite plan meets dose constraints.