Study of Radiotherapy and Pembrolizumab in in People With Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria

• Be willing and able to provide written informed consent for the trial
• Be ≥ 15 years of age on day of signing informed consent
• Have histologically- or cytologically- confirmed metastatic ACC with symptomatic liver metastases
• Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
• Adequate performance status: * Patients < 16 years of age: Lansky ≥ 50% * Patients ≥ 16 years of age: Karnofsky ≥ 50%
• Have measurable disease based on RECIST v1.1
• Have radiologic documentation of extrahepatic tumor, defined as extrahepatic metastases
• Consent for use of archived tissue for research purposes. Archival tissue (1 block or 20 unstained slides) will be requested, when available
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500 / mcL (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• Platelets ≥ 100,000 / mcL (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) OR Measured or calculated creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance [CrCl]) ≥ 60 mL/min for subject with creatinine levels > 1.5 x institutional ULN (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation) * Creatinine clearance should be calculated per institutional standard
• Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 X ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ ULN for subjects with total bilirubin levels > 1.5 ULN (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) ≤ 5 x ULN (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 X ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 X ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)
• Female subjects of childbearing potential should have a negative serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to beginning treatment on study. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
• Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication. Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free of menses for > 1 year
• Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy
• Note: Abstinence is acceptable if this is the usual lifestyle and preferred contraception for the subject

Exclusion Criteria

• Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to study day 1 (the first day of ablative RT)
• Has undergone radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields (to include yttrium 90 [Y90])
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to study day 1. The use of physiologic doses of corticosteroids for adrenal and pituitary insufficiency is not considered a form of systemic steroid therapy and would not exclude a subject from the study
• Has had a prior monoclonal antibody within 4 weeks prior to study day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier. The use of non-immunotherapy monoclonal antibodies (such as dupilumab (for eczema), omalizumab (for urticaria), benralizumab (for asthma)) would not exclude a subject from the study
• Has had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy within 2 weeks prior to study day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent. * Note: Subjects with ≤ grade 2 neuropathy or ≤ grade 2 alopecia are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study
• If subject underwent major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapy
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy
• Has known active central nervous system metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to beginning treatment on study and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for brain metastases for at least 7 days prior to study day 1. This exception does not include carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability
• Has an active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 3 months or a documented history of clinically severe autoimmune disease, or a syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. Subjects with vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy would be an exception to this rule. Subjects that require intermittent use of bronchodilators or local steroid injections would not be excluded from the study. Subjects with hypothyroidism stable on hormone replacement or Sjogren’s syndrome will not be excluded from the study. Subjects that have adrenal or pituitary insufficiency that require physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy would not be excluded from the study. Subjects who are on mitotane for control of hormonal symptoms for their disease at the time of eligibility assessment can continue on mitotane during the course of the study
• Has evidence of interstitial lung disease or history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current pneumonitis
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject’s participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment
• Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CD137, or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody (including ipilimumab or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways)
• Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies)
• Has known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B virus surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV] ribonucleic acid [RNA] [qualitative] is detected)
• Has received a live vaccine or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to study day 1. Administration of killed vaccine is allowed