Avapritinib in Combination with Decitabine for the Treatment of Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis with an Associated Hematologic Neoplasm

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosis of SM-AHN defined by World Health Organization 2022 criteria. * AHN must be myeloid in nature, meet World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 criteria for one of the following, and, in the opinion of the investigator, require treatment: ** Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): *** Disease must be intermediate, high or very high risk by International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised (IPSS-R) or *** Low or very low-risk by IPSS-R if the patient: **** Is receiving regular red-cell transfusions defined as > 2 red blood cell (RBC) U/8 weeks during the 16 weeks prior to study entry AND **** Must have had either inadequate response to prior treatment with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), be intolerant of ESAs or have serum erythropoietin > 200 U/L. *** Patients with deletion (del)(5q) MDS must have received prior lenalidomide *** Patients with very low to intermediate-risk MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) who require 2 or more RBC units over 8 weeks must have received or be ineligible for luspatercept-aamt. ** Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ** Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with neutrophilia ** Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with SF3B1 mutation and thrombocytosis ** Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, not otherwise specified
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-3
• Age ≥ 18
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent
• Ability to adhere to study visit schedule and other protocol requirements
• Willing to receive blood products as deemed clinically necessary
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) (if elevation believed to be due to disease then AST and ALT must be ≤ 5 x ULN)
• Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN or ≤ 3.0 x ULN and primarily unconjugated if patient has a documented history of Gilbert's syndrome or if elevation is thought to be disease related
• Creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min/1.73m^2 and serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected participants on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
• For participants with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
• Participants with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For participants with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
• Participants with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should undergo a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, participants should be class 2B or better
• Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for at least 6 months after the last dose of decitabine and 6 weeks after the last dose of avapritinib. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study or in the 6 months after last dose of decitabine or 6 weeks after last dose of avapritinib she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 3 months after completion of study drug administration
• PHASE 1 DOSE-FINDING: Platelet count ≥ 75 x 10^9/L documented on screening visit and at baseline (cycle 1 day 1)
• PHASE 1 DOSE-FINDING: Not received a platelet transfusion or received treatment aimed at raising platelet counts in the 28 days prior to first dose of study medication(s)
• PHASE 1 DOSE-EXPANSION: Platelet count ≥ 25 x 10^9/L. Conditional treatment approach for patients with baseline platelet counts ≥ 25 x 10^9/L and < 75 x 10^9/L
• PHASE 1 DOSE-EXPANSION: Not received a platelet transfusion or received treatment aimed at raising platelet counts in the 28 days prior to first dose of study medication(s)

Exclusion Criteria

• History of decitabine use with documented disease progression of AHN by 2006 International Working Group (IWG) Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) response criteria while on decitabine
• History of avapritinib use with documented progression of mastocytosis while on avapritinib per m-IWG-MRT-ECNM criteria
• History of treatment with decitabine in combination with avapritinib * Patients will be eligible if they are currently or have previously received either avapritinib OR decitabine, provided they have not received them concurrently and have not had documented disease progression (as defined previously) while receiving either agent
• Use of a selective KIT inhibitor (other than avapritinib) within 4 weeks of first dose of study drug
• Use of azacitidine within 4 weeks of first dose of study drug
• Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) defined as presence of ≥ 20% myeloblasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow or presence of a myeloid sarcoma
• Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents or are participating in another interventional study
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to azacytidine, decitabine, cedazuridine, avapritinib, propylene glycol, mannitol (only for patients receiving azacytidine)
• History of intracranial hemorrhage or need for full anticoagulation with warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant, or treatment dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), or any condition that, in the investigator’s opinion, would put the patient at an increased risk for spontaneous, unprovoked hemorrhage such as: * Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within one year of the first dose of study drug, * Presence of a vascular aneurysm in the brain * Known intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
• Patient has a history of a seizure disorder (eg, epilepsy) or requirement for antiseizure medication
• Patient has a QT interval corrected using Fridericia’s formula (QTcF) > 480 msec
• Previous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant within 6 months prior to enrollment, active graft versus host disease (GVHD), or requiring transplant related immunosuppression
• Patients receiving any medications or substances that are strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors or strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. Because the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly consult a frequently updated medical reference. As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the participant will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the participant is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product
• Participants with uncontrolled intercurrent illness
• Participants with psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because, based on the mechanism of action and data from animal reproduction studies, in utero exposure to avapritinib may cause fetal harm
• Women who are breast feeding
• Patient is unwilling or unable to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, laboratory tests, or other study procedures and study restrictions
• Patient has a primary brain malignancy or metastases to the brain
• Patient has had a major surgical procedure within 14 days of the first dose of study drug. Surgical procedures such as central venous catheter placement, bone marrow (BM) biopsy, and feeding tube placement are considered minor surgical procedures
• Patient has eosinophilia and known positivity for the FIP1L1-PGDFRA fusion, unless the patient has demonstrated relapse or progressive disease (PD) on prior imatinib therapy. Patients with eosinophilia (> 1.5 x 10^9/L), who do not have a detectable KIT D816 mutation, must be tested for a PDGFRA fusion mutation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• Patient has history of another primary malignancy that has been diagnosed or required therapy in the past year and/or is expected to require therapy in the next year. The following are exempt: completely resected basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer, curatively treated localized prostate cancer, and completely resected carcinoma in situ of any site. Participants with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
• Patient is participating in another interventional clinical study