Early Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients with Relapsed or Refractory High-Grade Myeloid Neoplasms

Inclusion Criteria

• INCLUSION CRITERIA (ENROLLMENT)
• Relapsed or refractory high-grade myeloid neoplasms, defined as having a blast count of >= 10% blasts at initial diagnosis; examples include excess blasts (EB)-2, with >= 10% blasts at initial diagnosis, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML-2); standard definitions of relapse will apply (i.e., characterized by >= 5% abnormal blasts or blast equivalents as assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry or morphologic examination; peripheral blood blasts or blast equivalents; or extramedullary granulocytic sarcoma, per European LeukemiaNet [ELN] 2017 guidelines); bone marrow aspirate/biopsy will be accepted if performed outside University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (UW/FHCRC); determination of disease status should occur within 30 days of signing informed consent * R/R high-grade myeloid neoplasm following intensive induction chemotherapy; relapsed high-grade myeloid neoplasm: patients will be classified as relapsed if they have >= 5% blasts after being in a complete remission (CR) following treatment for high-grade myeloid neoplasm; refractory high-grade myeloid neoplasm: patients may be classified as refractory if they have received at least one prior cycle of induction chemotherapy, whether with cladribine cytarabine mitoxantrone (GCLAM) or another regimen ** Patients may have received up to two courses of intensive induction chemotherapy during initial treatment prior to enrollment on this protocol; for example, patients who have received two courses of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) GCLAM (or similar) chemotherapy, with most recent high-dose cytarabine-containing chemotherapy > 6 months ago and CR lasting > 6 months, will be eligible for this protocol; regimens “similar to GCLAM” would include cytarabine at doses of 1g/m^2 for at least 5 doses; examples of regimens “similar to GCLAM” would be GCLA, fludarabine cytarabine granulocyte (FLAG), and FLAG-idarubicin (ida); however, patients who received more than two courses of GCLAM (or similar) chemotherapy, or patients who received two courses of GCLAM and had CR lasting < 6 months, would not be eligible * R/R high-grade myeloid neoplasm following less intensive induction chemotherapy. Patients who have received at least three cycles of treatment with a hypomethylating agent (HMA; such as azacitidine or decitabine) and still have >= 10% blasts will be eligible for the study (they will be considered refractory); similarly, patients who have received three or more cycles of HMA therapy who have had a response (e.g., achieving CR with < 5% blasts), but who then progress using standard definitions of relapse, will also be eligible (they will be considered relapsed)
• Potentially eligible for reduced intensity conditioning based on known organ function (formal organ function testing may occur after consent)
• Caregiver capable of providing post-HCT care
• Written informed consent
• INCLUSION CRITERIA (TRANSPLANT)
• Identified donor * Matched related or unrelated (one allele mismatch in HLA-A, B, or C OK) donor according to institutional standards * Unrelated volunteer donor who is mismatched with the recipient (i.e. 9/10 match)
• Caregiver capable of providing post-HCT care, who will be present once induction therapy with filgrastim, cladribine, cytarabine, mitoxantrone hydrochloride (GCLAM) begins
• Written informed consent for transplant
• Either bone marrow or peripheral blood is allowed

Exclusion Criteria

• EXCLUSION CRITERIA (ENROLLMENT)
• Prior allogeneic HCT
• More than two prior courses of induction chemotherapy
• Relapse after minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative CR within 3 months of most recent GCLAM chemotherapy
• Low likelihood of being eligible for reduced intensity conditioning HCT based on known information * Cardiac ejection fraction < 40% or symptomatic coronary artery disease or uncontrolled arrhythmia, as assessed by multigated acquisition (MUGA) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within previous 3 months and since the most recent anthracycline exposure * Corrected diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCOc) < 40% or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 50% * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 40 ml/min * Need for supplemental oxygen * Direct bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2 x upper limit of normal, unless these abnormalities are thought to be related to Gilbert’s disease or leukemic infiltration of hepatic parenchyma
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity
• Pregnant or nursing (to be confirmed with quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] testing)
• Invasive solid tumor within 5 years; non-melanoma skin cancer or in situ malignancies are allowed
• Evidence of serious uncontrolled infection
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) of 3 or 4
• EXCLUSION CRITERIA (TRANSPLANT)
• Donor specific antibodies against donor HLA–DQ or –DP
• Active bacterial, fungal or viral infections unresponsive to medical therapy
• Active leukemia in the central nervous system (CNS)
• HIV positive
• Cardiac ejection fraction < 40% or symptomatic coronary artery disease or uncontrolled arrhythmia
• DLCOc < 40% or FEV1 < 50%
• Estimated GFR < 40 ml/min
• Need for supplemental oxygen
• Direct bilirubin or ALT > 2 x upper limit of normal, unless these abnormalities are thought to be related to Gilbert’s disease or leukemic infiltration of hepatic parenchyma