Study of Marizomib With Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Brain Cancer

Gliomas account for ~80% of primary malignant tumors in the Central Nervous System (CNS),

with WHO Grade IV malignant glioma (G4 MG; including glioblastoma and gliosarcoma)

constituting the majority of gliomas, and are essentially incurable. Currently only

surgical resection and radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ)

are standard-of-care treatment strategies for newly diagnosed G4 MG. However, resistance

to chemotherapy and RT results in a high recurrence rate, with median survival of ~15-16

months. Since no survival advantage has been demonstrated for the addition of bevacizumab

(BEV) to TMZ and RT (Chinot 2014) in newly diagnosed G4 MG, alternative promising

investigational agents need to be tested.

Targeting the proteasome is a well-validated target for the treatment of multiple myeloma

(MM), and preclinical evidence suggests that targeting the proteasome in glioma cells

shows significant anti-tumor activity. Proteasome activity is elevated in patient-derived

glioblastoma (GBM) tissue in comparison with normal human brain. Importantly, preclinical

evidence demonstrates that proteasome inhibition sensitizes GBM cell lines to irradiation

and to TMZ. Further, the combination of bortezomib (BTZ, one of three proteasome

inhibitors [PI] currently approved for the treatment of MM) with TMZ resulted in

synergistic glioblastoma cell death in vitro, and BTZ reduces glioma cell survival in

vitro in cell lines sensitive and resistant to TMZ.

Despite the activity against GBM cells in vitro, BTZ does not cross the blood brain

barrier, and thus has proven ineffective in animal models and in the clinic. In contrast,

marizomib (MRZ) - a potent and irreversible 20S PI possesses the unique attribute among

PIs to cross the blood brain barrier as shown in previous clinical studies. These data

prompted examination of the combination of MRZ and BEV in an ongoing clinical trial in

patients with recurrent G4 MG. In the dose-escalation portion of this ongoing study

(MRZ-108), 12 patients were dosed with MRZ once weekly for 3 weeks (0.55, 0.7, and 0.8

mg/m2 infused intravenously (IV) over 10 minutes) and with BEV on weeks 1 and 3 (10 mg/kg

IV) of a 28-day cycle. As of April 2016, of these 12 patients, 7 were on study for over 4

months - 5 with a partial response (including 2 patients with no radiologic evidence of

tumor on 2 or more consecutive MRI scans) and 2 patients whose best response was stable

disease. Four of these 12 patients were treated for over 6 months, 3 of whom remain on

study. The recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of MRZ was determined to be 0.8 mg/m2.

Currently, an expansion cohort of 24 patients has been enrolled in the Phase 2 portion of

the study. The next phase involves treatment with MRZ alone (no BEV) in patients with

recurrent G4 MG, and has begun enrolling patients in the second quarter of 2016.

Together, the demonstrated activity of PIs in preclinical glioma models, and the

synergistic activity of PIs with TMZ on glioblastoma cells, along with the ability of MRZ

to access the CNS, provides compelling rationale to assess the therapeutic benefit of the

combination of MRZ with TMZ in patients with G4 MG, for whom no brain-penetrant options

for proteasome inhibition are currently available.

Very recently, the FDA has approved a novel treatment device using tumor treating fields

(Optune) in addition to standard of care RTand TMZ as an option to standard of care.

Optune has been shown to significantly improve both progression-free and overall survival

in GBM patients. An additional cohort of 12 patients will be treated with Optune in

combination with MRZ and TMZ In North America, the Optune arm is offered only for the US

trial sites, and is not offered for the Canadian trial sites.