Brussel Sprout Consumption in Affecting Deuterated Phenanthrene Metabolism in Current and Former Smokers

Inclusion Criteria

• Current or former smoker by self-report
• Willing to abstain from cruciferous vegetable consumption other than the study vegetables during the study period
• Able to understand the experimental nature of the study and provide informed consent
• Negative urine pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential within 7 days of baseline [D10]phe dosing

Exclusion Criteria

• Chronic proton pump inhibitor, H2-blocker (i.e., ranitidine, famotidine), and/or calcium carbonate use
• History of gastric bypass surgery, gastric banding, bowel resection, malabsorption syndromes such as celiac sprue or pancreatic insufficiency, or other conditions that may affect gastric absorption
• Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes (i.e. snuff, snuz, smokeless tobacco, cigars, pipes) or use of these products within 3 months of study registration
• Major or chronic medical disease, including heart disease, poorly controlled diabetes, etc., to be adjudicated by the principal investigator
• Women who are pregnant, intend to become pregnant within 3 months of the study period, or who are breastfeeding
• Current or recent (within 12 months) problems with drug use or alcohol dependence by self-report
• Antibiotic use within 2 months of study enrollment or during the study by self-report
• Alcohol dependence, abuse, or history of dependence/abuse by self-report
• Vegetarians
• History of respiratory tract cancer
• Use of metronidazole or antabuse during the study
• Taking ibuprofen, naproxen, other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids (except inhaled steroids) within 14 days of study registration
• Allergy to Brussels sprouts