Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients with Blood Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients are eligible unless their treatment is to be guided by a higher priority protocol
• Acute leukemias as described below must be in remission by morphology (=< 5% blasts); however, a small percentage of blasts that is equivocal between marrow regeneration vs. early relapse are acceptable; minimal residual disease as detected by flow cytometry or molecular methods is allowed, however every reasonable effort (balancing the potential risks and toxicities of additional chemotherapy) should be made to reduce the disease burden to its lowest possible level prior to transplant
• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related precursor neoplasms: 2nd or greater complete remission (CR); first complete remission (CR1) in patients > 60 years old; CR1 in =< 60 years old that is NOT considered as favorable-risk; favorable risk AML is defined as having one of the following: * t(8,21) without cKIT mutation * inv(16) or t(16;16) without cKIT mutation * Normal karyotype with mutated NPM1 and wild type FLT-ITD * Normal karyotype with double mutated CEBPA * Acute prolymphocytic leukemia (APL) in first molecular remission at the end of consolidation
• Very high risk pediatric patients with AML: patients < 21 years, however, are eligible with (M2 marrow) with < 25% blasts in marrow after having failed one or more cycles of chemotherapy
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoma: second or greater CR; CR1 unable to tolerate consolidation chemotherapy due to chemotherapy-related toxicities; CR1 high-risk ALL; high risk ALL is defined as having one of the following: * Evidence of high risk cytogenetics, e.g. t(9;22), t(1;19), t(4;11), other MLL rearrangements, IKZF1 * 30 years of age or older at diagnosis * White blood cell counts of greater than 30,000/mcL (B-cell [B]-ALL) or greater than 100,000/mcL (T-cell [T]-ALL) at diagnosis * CNS leukemia involvement during the course of disease * Slow cytologic response (> 10% lymphoblasts in bone marrow on day 14 of induction therapy) * Evidence of persistent immunophenotypic or molecular minimal residual disease (MRD) at the end of induction and consolidation therapy
• Very high risk pediatric patients with ALL: patients < 21 years are also considered high risk CR1 if they had M2 or M3 marrow at day 42 from the initiation of induction or M3 marrow at the end of induction; they are eligible once they achieve a complete remission
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia excluding refractory blast crisis: to be eligible in first chronic phase (CP1) patient must have failed or be intolerant to one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors
• Plasma cell leukemia after initial therapy, in patients who have achieved at least a partial remission
• Myeloproliferative neoplasms/myelofibrosis, either primary as a result of polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia, with disease risk of intermediate or high-risk according to Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) criteria; blasts must be < 10% by bone marrow aspirate morphology
• Myelodysplasia (MDS) IPSS intermediate (INT)-2 or high risk (i.e. refractory anemia with excess blasts [RAEB], refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation [RAEBt]) or refractory anemia with severe pancytopenia, transfusion dependence, or high risk cytogenetics or molecular features; blasts must be < 10% by a representative bone marrow aspirate morphology
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), marginal zone B-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma are eligible if there was disease progression/relapse within 12 of achieving a partial or complete remission; patients who had remissions lasting > 12 months, are eligible after at least two prior therapies; patients with bulky disease (nodal mass greater than 5 cm) should be considered for debulking chemotherapy before transplant
• Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia are eligible after initial therapy in CR1+ or first partial remission (PR1+)
• Diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) > CR/> PR: patients in CR/PR with initial short remission (< 6 months) are eligible, or those who have failed/or are not eligible for autologous transplant
• Lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and other high-grade NHL after initial therapy if stage III/IV in CR1/PR1 or after progression if stage I/II < 1 year
• Multiple myeloma beyond PR2: Patients with chromosome 13 abnormalities, first response lasting less than 6 months, or beta-2 microglobulin > 3 mg/L, may be considered for this protocol after initial therapy
• Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
• Biphenotypic/undifferentiated/prolymphocytic leukemias in first or subsequent CR
• MRD positive leukemia (AML, ALL or accelerated/blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia [CML]); selected patients in morphologic CR, but with positive immunophenotypic (flow cytometry) or molecular evidence of MRD may be eligible if recent chemotherapy has not resulted in MRD negative status
• Natural killer cell malignancies
• Acquired bone marrow failure syndromes except for Fanconi anemia or dyskeratosis congenita
• Other leukemia subtypes: A major effort in the field of hematology is to identify patients who are of high risk for treatment failure so that patients can be appropriately stratified to either more (or less) intensive therapy; this effort is continually ongoing and retrospective studies identify new disease features or characteristics that are associated with treatment outcomes; therefore, if new features are identified after the writing of this protocol, patients can be enrolled with the approval of two members of the study committee
• Patients considered for transplantation must have a sufficient graft as based on current criteria of the University of Minnesota Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program
• Related donors that are matched at HLA 7-8/8 loci (HLA A, B, C, and DRB1 loci) by intermediate resolution
• Unrelated donors that are matched at HLA 8/8 (HLA A, B, C, and DRB1 loci); 1 allele/antigen mismatch at HLA-A, -B, -C, or DRB1 may be considered if no other suitable donor available
• Both granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulated peripheral blood grafts and bone marrow grafts will be the priority, although bone marrow graft source will be allowed based upon donor preference
• Related donors will be assessed and collected through University of Minnesota BMT protocol MT2012-14C: “Procedure Guidelines For Related Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donors.”
• =< 60 years of age
• Karnofsky >= 70%, Lansky play score >= 70
• Voluntary written consent (adult or legally authorized representative; or parental/guardian)
• Creatinine < 2 x upper limit of normal. Patients above this limit must have creatinine clearance >= 40 ml/min/1.73 m^2 as determined by an age-appropriate method, such as cystatin C glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Bilirubin < 4 times the upper limit of institutional normal
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) < 4 times the upper limit of institutional normal
• Alkaline phosphatase < 4 times the upper limit of institutional normal
• Diffusion capacity of oxygen, corrected for hemoglobin, > 50% of predicted; for pediatric patients not able to undergo pulmonary function tests (PFTs) or diffusion testing: oxygen (O2) saturation (sat) of > 95% on room air
• Absence of decompensated congestive heart failure, or uncontrolled arrhythmia and left ventricular ejection fraction >= 45%; for children not able to cooperate with multigated acquisition (MUGA) or echocardiography, such should be clearly stated in the physician’s documentation
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with undetectable viral load. All HIV+ patients must be evaluated by infectious disease (ID) and a HIV management plan establish prior to transplantation
• Women of child bearing potential and sexually active males with partners of child bearing potential must agree to use adequate birth control for the duration of treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• Chemotherapy refractory large cell and high grade NHL (i.e., progressive disease after > 2 salvage regimens)
• CML in blast crisis
• Large cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and Hodgkin disease that is progressing on salvage therapy
• Evidence of progressive disease by imaging modalities or biopsy-persistent positron emission tomography (PET) activity, though possibly related to lymphoma, is not an exclusion criterion in the absence of computed tomography (CT) changes indicating progression
• Active central nervous system malignancy
• If =< 18 years old, prior myeloablative transplant within the last 6 months; if >18 years old prior myeloablative allotransplant or autologous transplant
• Active uncontrolled infection
• Pregnant or breastfeeding. The agents used in this study include Pregnancy Category D: known to cause harm to a fetus. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to starting therapy