Pembrolizumab and Liver-Directed Therapy or Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Treating Patients with Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors and Symptomatic and/or Progressive Liver Metastases

Inclusion Criteria

• Be willing and able to provide written informed consent for the trial
• Be >= 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent
• Have a histologically proven well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 1, grade 2, or morphologically and/or clinically well-differentiated grade 3) of any primary site, including unknown primary site * For group 1, only well-differentiated grade 2 or 3 tumors with Ki-67 index > 10% that demonstrate somatostatin receptor expression on DOTA or In-111 octreoscans will be allowed
• Radiographic, biochemical, or clinical evidence of tumor progression over a period of up to 12 months in at least one site * Group 1: ** At least one symptomatic and/or progressive somatostatin receptor positive (SSTR+) lesion over a period of up to 12 months ** Have at least one measurable lesion based on RECIST v. 1.1 * Groups 2 and 3: ** At least one symptomatic and/or progressive liver lesion over a period of up to 12 months ** Have at least two measurable lesions in the liver or at least one measurable lesion in the liver and another measurable lesion elsewhere, based on RECIST v. 1.1
• Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scale
• Have a life expectancy of greater than 3 months
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 /mcL (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Platelet count > 75,000/mcL (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (within 30 days of treatment initiation) (For group 1 only; there is no hemoglobin cut-off level for groups 2 and 3)
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance [CrCl]) >= 60 mL/min for subject with creatinine levels > 1.5 x institutional ULN (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Serum total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN OR direct bilirubin =< ULN for subjects with total bilirubin levels > 1.5 ULN (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) =< 5 x ULN (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Albumin >= 2.5 mg/dL (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 x ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (within 30 days of treatment initiation)
• Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 30 days prior to receiving the first dose of study medication; if the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
• Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication; subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 1 year
• Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy * Note: abstinence is acceptable if this is the usual lifestyle and preferred contraception for the subject

Exclusion Criteria

• Has had prior thermal ablation, embolotherapy, radioembolization, or external beam radiation within 30 days of initiation of study therapy
• Has had prior peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (group 1 only)
• Has had biliary tract intervention that resulted in compromise to the ampulla of vater or a biliary-enteric anastomosis (groups 2 and 3 only)
• Has greater than 75% liver parenchyma replacement by tumor (determined by radiologist investigator)
• Is currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment
• Has a known history of active tuberculosis (TB) (Bacillus tuberculosis)
• Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its excipients
• Has had a prior anti-cancer monoclonal antibody (mAb) within 4 weeks prior to study day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
• Has had prior chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to study day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., =< grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously administered agent * Note: subjects with =< grade 2 neuropathy are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study * Note: if subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapy * Concurrent somatostatin analog therapy is allowed
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment; exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has undergone potentially curative therapy or in situ cervical cancer
• Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis; subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment; this exception does not include carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability
• Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs); replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Has liver fibrosis either determined by imaging or laboratory testing (i.e. total serum bilirubin > 1.5 times ULN, AST and ALT > 5 times ULN, INR > 1.5 times ULN, albumin < 2.0 mg/dl)
• Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject’s participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment
• Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent
• Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies)
• Has known active untreated hepatitis B
• Has received a live vaccine or live-attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Administration of killed vaccines is allowed