Olaparib in Treating Patients with Metastatic or Unresectable Urothelial Cancer with DNA Damage Response Gene Alterations

Inclusion Criteria

• Written informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization for release of personal health information prior to registration. NOTE: HIPAA authorization may be included in the informed consent or obtained separately.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of =< 1 within 14 days prior to registration. Cisplatin-ineligible chemotherapy-naive subjects may have an ECOG performance status of =< 2.
• Histological or cytological evidence/confirmation of urothelial cancer.
• Metastatic and/or unresectable (cT4b) urothelial cancer
• Metastatic disease evaluable on imaging studies. Subjects may have measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1 or bone-only disease within 30 days prior to registration. * NOTE: Bone-only subjects are eligible if their disease can be documented/ evaluated by bone scans, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their disease will be assessed using MD Anderson criteria. * NOTE: Previously irradiated lesions are eligible as a target lesion only if there is documented progression of the lesion after irradiation.
• Somatic alteration considered pathogenic/likely pathogenic in one of the following DDR genes as determined by genomic sequencing performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory. Somatic alterations will include nonsense, frameshift, splice-site or missense mutations or homozygous deletions. Subjects with alterations in DDR genes not included in the list below will be considered on a case by case basis after discussion with the sponsor-investigator(s). Subjects with germline alterations in DDR genes will be considered on a case by case basis and will be reviewed by the sponsor-investigator(s). At least 6 subjects will have BRCA or ATM alterations. * Nucleotide excision repair: ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6 * Homologous recombination: BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD52, RAD54L, NBN, MRE11A, RAD51D, CTIP * DNA Sensor: ATM, ATR, MDC1, ATRX, CHEK1, CHEK2 * Fanconi anemia pathway: PALB2, BRIP1, FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, BLM * Base excision repair: XRCC2, XRCC3, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6 * Other: MUTYH, RECQL4, POLQ, POLE, WRN
• A subject with prior brain metastasis may be considered if they have completed their treatment for brain metastasis at least 4 weeks prior to study registration, have been off of corticosteroids for >= 2 weeks, and are asymptomatic
• Subjects must have progressed despite at least 1 prior line of treatment for metastatic and/or unresectable urothelial cancer. However, cisplatin-ineligible (defined by a calculated creatinine clearance of > 30 but < 60 mL/min OR Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v]4 grade >= 2 audiometric hearing loss OR CTCAE v4 grade >= 2 peripheral neuropathy OR ECOG performance status [PS] = 2) and chemotherapy-naive subjects are also eligible
• Prior cancer treatment (systemic therapy or radiation therapy) must be completed at least 3 weeks prior to registration and the subject must have recovered from all reversible acute toxic effects of the regimen (other than alopecia) to grade =< 1 or baseline.
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 x 10^9/L (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 9 g/dL (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Platelets >= 100 x 10^9/L (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Calculated creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min (within 28 days prior to registration) * Cockcroft-Gault formula will be used to calculate creatinine clearance
• Bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 2.5 x ULN (or =< 5 x ULN if liver metastases) (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN (or =< 5 x ULN if liver metastases) (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Female subjects must be postmenopausal or there must be evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential: negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment and confirmed prior to treatment on day 1. Postmenopausal is defined as: * Amenorrheic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments. * Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the post-menopausal range for women under 50. * Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses > 1 year ago. * Chemotherapy-induced menopause with > 1 year interval since last menses. * Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy).
• Females of childbearing potential must be willing to abstain from heterosexual activity or to use 2 forms of highly effective methods of contraception from the time of informed consent until 90 days after treatment discontinuation. The two contraception methods can be comprised of two barrier methods, or a barrier method plus a hormonal method. Males must be willing to abstain from heterosexual activity or to use 2 forms of highly effective methods of contraception from the time of informed consent until 90 days after treatment discontinuation. * Acceptable non-hormonal birth control methods: ** Total sexual abstinence ie, refrain from any form of sexual intercourse in line with the patients’ usual and/or preferred lifestyle. Periodic abstinence (eg, calendar ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. ** Vasectomized sexual partner PLUS male condom. With participant assurance that partner received post-vasectomy confirmation of azoospermia. ** Tubal occlusion PLUS male condom. ** Intrauterine Device PLUS male condom. Provided coils are copper-banded. * Acceptable hormonal methods: ** Etonogestrel implants (eg, Implanon, Norplant) PLUS male condom. ** Normal and low dose combined oral pills PLUS male condom. ** Hormonal shot or injection (eg, Depo-Provera) PLUS male condom. ** Intrauterine system device (eg, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system - Mirena) PLUS male condom.
• As determined by the enrolling physician or protocol designee, ability of the subject to understand and comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study.
• All subjects must have adequate archival tissue available prior to registration (i.e., at least 15 unstained slides or paraffin block). Archival tissue should represent invasive or metastatic urothelial cancer with a preference for metastatic tissue if available. Archival tissue should be identified at screening and shipped by cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1). Subjects without adequate tissue may be considered on a case by case basis after discussion with the sponsor-investigator.

Exclusion Criteria

• Active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding (NOTE: breast milk cannot be stored for future use while the mother is being treated on study).
• Known additional malignancy that is active and/or progressive requiring treatment; subjects with other malignancies that have been definitively treated and who have been rendered disease free will be eligible.
• Prior treatment with a PARP inhibitor, including olaparib.
• Treatment with any investigational drug within 30 days prior to registration.
• Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both AstraZeneca staff and/or staff at the study site).
• Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) with corrected QT (QTc) > 470 msec on 2 or more time points within a 24 hour period or family history of long QT syndrome.
• Concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg. itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (eg. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to starting olaparib is 2 weeks.
• Concomitant use of known strong (eg. phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John’s wort) or moderate CYP3A inducers (eg. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period prior to starting olaparib is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents.
• Subjects with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia or with features suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
• Major surgery within 2 weeks of starting study treatment and subjects must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery.
• Subjects considered a poor medical risk due to a serious, uncontrolled medical disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or active, uncontrolled infection. Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, unstable spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, extensive interstitial bilateral lung disease on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan, history of pneumonitis, or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent.
• Subjects unable to swallow orally administered medication and subjects with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication.
• Immunocompromised subjects, e.g., subjects who are known to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• Subjects with a known hypersensitivity to olaparib or any of the excipients of the product.
• Subjects with known active hepatitis (i.e. hepatitis B or C) due to risk of transmitting the infection through blood or other body fluids.
• Previous allogeneic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT).