Identify a Dose of Regadenoson That Will Open the Blood-Brain Barrier in Patients with Gliomas

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients must have histologically confirmed glioma, including but not limited to glioblastoma (GBM), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, diffuse astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 2). Patients with previous low-grade glioma who progressed after radiation therapy (RT)/chemotherapy and are biopsied and found to have high-grade glioma are eligible
• Patients must be able to tolerate MRIs with contrast
• Patients must have stable prestudy MRI (no progression of disease) compared to an MRI performed at least 2 months apart
• Part 1 patients must be able to have research scan within 21 days of prestudy MRI
• Part II patients must be scheduled to get a clinically indicated MRI that is expected to be stable
• Patients may have an unlimited number of prior relapses
• The following intervals from previous treatments are required to be eligible: * 12 weeks from the completion of radiation * 16 weeks from an anti-VEGF therapy * 6 weeks from a nitrosourea chemotherapy * 3 weeks from a non-nitrosourea chemotherapy * 2 weeks or 5 half-lives from any investigational (not Food and Drug Administration [FDA]-approved) agents * 2 weeks from administration of a non-cytotoxic, FDA-approved agent (e.g., erlotinib, hydroxychloroquine, etc.)
• Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >= 80%
• Patients allocated to receive regadenoson at the 1.0 mg dose level must weigh more than 50 Kg. Patients allocated to receive regadenoson at the 1.4 mg dose level must weigh more than 70 Kg
• Creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dL or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >= 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
• Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of regadenoson are eligible for this trial
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have residual toxicities > grade 2) with the exception of alopecia
• Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents
• History of hypersensitivity reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to regadenoson
• Patients with any history, current symptoms, or signs of cardiovascular disease including: * Any ischemic cardiac event (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stable or unstable angina) * Ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy and/or congestive heart failure * Supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and/or atrial flutter * Ventricular tachyarrhythmias * Severe sinus bradycardia defined as a resting heart rate < 40 beats per minute (bpm) * Symptomatic bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, greater than first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, left bundle branch block, and/or presence of a cardiac pacemaker * Stenotic valvular heart disease
• Patients who have known uncontrolled hypo- or hypertension defined as a systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or > 180 mmHg, respectively
• Patients who have uncontrolled asthma or seizures
• Patients taking potential neurotoxic medications should be off of them for >= 1 week before the injection of regadenoson. These medications include: * 5-fluoracil * Adriamycin * Alpha (a)-interferon * Allopurinol * Almitrine (not in United States [U.S.]) * Amiodarone (Cordarone) * Amitriptyline * Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) * Bortezomib (Velcade) * Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) * Cetuximab (Erbitux) * Cefepime * Chloramphenicol * Chloroquine * Chlorprothixene * Cimetidine * Cisplatin & oxaliplatin * Clioquinol * Clofibrate * Colchicine (extended use) * Cyclosporin A * Cytarabine (high dose) * Dapsone * Dichloroacetate * Didanosine (ddI, Videx) * Disulfiram (Antabuse) * Enalapril * Eribulin (Halaven) * Ethambutol * Etoposide (VP-16) * Fluoroquinolones * Gemcitabine * Glutethimide * Gold salts * Griseofulvin * Hexamethylmelamine * Hydralazine * Ifosfamide * Infliximab * Ipilimumab (Yervoy) * Isoniazid (INH) * Ixabepilone (Ixempra) * Lansoprazole (Prevacid) * Leflunomide (Arava) * Lenalidomide (Revlimid) * Lithium * Mefloquine * Metronidazole/misonidazole (extended use) * Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin, Macrobid) * Nitrous oxide (inhalation abuse or vitamin B12 deficiency) * Nivolumab (Opdivo) * Omeprazole (Prilosec) * Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) * Penicillamine * Perhexiline (not used in U.S.) * Phenelzine * Phenytoin (Dilantin) * Podophyllin resin * Pomalidomide (Pomalyst) * Propafenone * Sertraline (Zoloft) * Statins * Stavudine (d4T, Zerit) * Sulfonamides * Sulphasalazine * Suramin * Tacrolimus (FK506, ProGraf) * Taxols (paclitaxel, docetaxel, cabazitaxel) * Thalidomide * Vinca alkaloids (vincristine) * Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) * Zimeldine (not in U.S.)
• Patients with uncontrolled concurrent illness
• Patients with psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• There are no available data on regadenoson use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, adverse developmental outcomes were observed with the administration of regadenoson to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis only at doses that produced maternal toxicity. Therefore pregnant women will be excluded from this study
• There is no information on the presence of regadenoson in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential risk of serious cardiac reactions in the breastfed infant, advise the nursing mother to pump and discard breast milk for 10 hours after administration of regadenoson