Olaparib and Ceralasertib for the Treatment of Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Osteosarcoma with or without Suspected Lung Metastases

Inclusion Criteria

• Provision of informed consent prior to any study specific procedures.
• Age >= 12 years and =< 40 years
• Weight >= 40 kg
• Lansky/Karnofsky performance status >= 60% for participants >= 16 years of age and Lansky >= 60% for participants < 16 years of age within 28 days prior to enrollment with no deterioration over the previous 2 weeks. Please note, patients who have had prior orthopedic surgery as part of their osteosarcoma therapy should not be considered non-ambulatory in their performance status if their non-ambulatory status is the result of surgery
• Estimated life expectancy of >= 16 weeks
• All participants must have histologic verification of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis or relapse
• All participants must have disease that has relapsed or has become refractory to conventional therapy
• COHORT 1: Participants must have measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version (v) 1.1. At least one measurable lesion that can be accurately assessed at baseline by computed tomography (CT) (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] where CT is contraindicated) and is suitable for repeated assessment as per RECIST v1.1
• COHORT 1: Surgical resection of all possible sites of disease is not feasible or will result in major and/or unacceptable morbidity and no other standard of care treatment is available per assessment of the treating investigator
• COHORT 1: Participants must have archival tumor specimen available for submission
• COHORT 2: Participants must have had at least one episode of disease recurrence currently limited to the lung parenchyma with no limits on the number of episodes of recurrence
• COHORT 2: Surgical resection of all possible sites of suspected pulmonary metastases in order to achieve a complete remission is considered feasible by treating physicians
• COHORT 2: Participants with pulmonary disease on only one side must have archival tumor specimen available for submission
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy. Participants must meet the following minimum washout periods prior to registration: * Myeloid growth factors: At least 14 days following the last dose of long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days following short-acting growth factor * Stem cell or autologous T cell infusion: At least 42 days must have elapsed after stem cell or autologous T cell infusion * Participants must not have previously received and progressed on olaparib or other PARP inhibitor therapy * Participants must not have previously received and progressed on ceralasertib or other ATR inhibitor therapy
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,250/uL
• Platelets >= 100,000/uL (with no platelet transfusions within the last 28 days)
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (with no blood transfusion or erythropoietin use within past 28 days)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN unless the patient has documented Gilbert’s syndrome
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN, unless liver metastases are present in which case they cannot be > 5 x ULN
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows: * Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) ** 12 to < 13 years: male (1.2); female (1.2) ** 13 to < 16 years: male (1.5); female (1.4) ** >= 16 years: male (1.7); female (1.4) OR creatinine clearance >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for participants with creatinine levels above institutional normal
• Participants must be able to swallow intact pills
• Female participants must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment and confirmed prior to treatment on cycle 1 day 1
• Females must not be breast feeding. Women of childbearing potential and their partners, who are sexually active, must agree to the use of 1 highly effective form of contraception and their partners must use a male condom from the signing of the informed consent, throughout the period of taking study treatment and for at least 6 months after last dose of study drug(s), or they must totally/truly abstain from any form of sexual intercourse
• Male patients who are sexually active must be willing to use barrier contraception for the duration of the study and for 1 week after the last study drug administration, with all sexual partners. Male patients must use a condom during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose of study drug(s) when having sexual intercourse with a pregnant woman or with a woman of childbearing potential and must not donate sperm for 6 months after the last dose of study drug. Female partners of male patients should also use a highly effective form of contraception for 6 months after the last dose of study drug(s) if they are of childbearing potential. True abstinence for either sex is an acceptable form of contraception and must be documented as such
• Ability to understand and/or the willingness of the patient (or parent or legally authorized representative, if minor) to provide informed consent, documented using an institutionally approved informed consent procedure
• Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study including undergoing treatment and scheduled visits and examinations

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or features suggestive of MDS/AML
• Patients with a known diagnosis of ataxia telangiectasia
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal or non-hormonal targeted therapy within 21 days of cycle 1 day 1 is not permitted (a duration of five half times is allowed for patients treated with noncytotoxic drugs)
• Immunotherapy within 42 days of cycle 1 day 1
• Prior TOTAL lung radiation. If prior radiation included lung then radiation must have been completed 12 weeks before cycle 1 day 1 AND V20 (percent [%] of lung that received 20 Gy) must not exceed 25% OR the mean lung dose must be less than 5 Gy. Even if these eligibility criteria are met, patients who have received prior radiotherapy including lung are only eligible after review and approval by the study principal investigator (PI)
• Palliative radiotherapy to sites not including lung must have been completed 7 or more days before cycle 1 day 1 (with the following exception: patients receiving radiation to more than 30% of the bone marrow or with a wide field of radiation must have been completed 4 weeks before cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1). The patient can receive a stable dose of bisphosphonates or denosumab for bone metastases, before and during the study as long as these were started at least 5 days prior to the study treatment
• Receiving, or having received during the 14 days prior to cycle 1 day 1, corticosteroids (at a dose > 10 mg prednisone/day or equivalent) for any reason. Topical, inhaled or ophthalmic steroid administration is acceptable
• Major surgery within 2 weeks of starting study treatment: patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery
• Any other malignancy which has been active or treated within the past three years, with the exception of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and non-melanoma skin cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, stage 1 grade 1 endometrial carcinoma, or other solid tumors curatively treated with no evidence of disease for >= 5 years prior to study entry
• With the exception of alopecia and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 neuropathy, any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy >= Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2
• Patient with resting left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% measured by echocardiogram (ECHO)/multigated acquisition scan (MUGA)
• Any of the following cardiac diseases currently or within the last 6 months (by New York Heart Association [NYHA] >= class 2 where applicable): * Unstable angina pectoris * Congestive heart failure or known reduced LVEF < 50% * Acute myocardial infarction * Conduction abnormality not controlled with pacemaker or medication e.g. complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block * Significant ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias e.g. (patients with chronic rate-controlled atrial fibrillation in the absence of other cardiac abnormalities are eligible) * Patients at risk of brain perfusion problems, e.g., medical history of carotid stenosis or pre-syncopal or syncopal episodes, history of transient ischemic attack (TIA)s * Uncontrolled hypertension (grade 2 or above) requiring clinical intervention
• Corrected QT interval (QTc) >= 470 msec obtained from 3 electrocardiograms (ECGs) 2-5 minutes apart using the Fridericia formula * Any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, congenital long QT syndrome, immediate family history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years of age, conduction abnormality not controlled with pacemaker or medication
• Patients with relative hypotension (less than 5th percentile for age/height/sex or systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > 15% below baseline) or clinically relevant orthostatic hypotension (a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing compared to blood pressure obtained from sitting/supine position)
• Concomitant use of known potent cytochrome P (CYP) 3A inhibitors (e.g. itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to starting study treatment is five half-lives
• Concomitant use of known potent (e.g. phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John’s wort) CYP3A inducers (e.g. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period prior to starting study treatment is five half-lives, except for St-John's wort, which is 3 weeks. Patient has had prescription or non-prescription drugs or other products known to be CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B6 substrates or CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B6 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Exposure of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B6 may be reduced and additional monitoring may be required. The use of herbal supplements or ‘folk remedies’ (and medications and foods that significantly modulate CYP3A activity) should be discouraged. If deemed necessary, such products may be administered with caution and the reason for use documented in the case report form (CRF)
• Planned herbal medications use within 7 days prior to first dose of study treatment
• Refractory nausea and vomiting, chronic gastrointestinal diseases or previous significant bowel resection, with clinically significant sequelae that would preclude adequate absorption of ceralasertib
• Participants with a known hypersensitivity to olaparib or any of the excipients of the product or any contraindication to the combination anti-cancer agent as per local prescribing information
• Participants with a known hypersensitivity to ceralasertib or any of the excipients of the product or any contraindication to the combination anti-cancer agent as per local prescribing information
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• As judged by the Investigator, any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases that places the patient at unacceptable risk of toxicity or non-compliance. Examples include, but are not limited to, active bleeding diatheses, renal transplant, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), superior vena cava syndrome, extensive bilateral lung disease on high resolution CT scan, severe Parkinson’s disease, active inflammatory bowel disease, psychiatric condition, or active infection including any patient known to have hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or requiring systemic antibiotics, antifungals or antiviral drugs. Screening for chronic conditions is not required
• Patients with symptomatic uncontrolled brain metastases. Patients with a history of treated central nervous system (CNS) metastases are eligible provided they meet all of the following criteria: disease outside the CNS is present, no clinical evidence of progression since completion of CNS-directed therapy, minimum 3 weeks between completion of radiotherapy and cycle 1 day 1 and recovery from significant (grade >= 3) acute toxicity with no ongoing requirement for > 10 mg of prednisolone per day or an equivalent dose of other corticosteroid. If on corticosteroids, the patient should be receiving a stable dose of corticosteroids, started at least 4 weeks prior to treatment
• Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Male or female patients of reproductive potential who are not employing an effective method of birth control
• Spinal cord compression or brain metastases unless treated, asymptomatic and stable and not requiring steroids for at least 4 weeks prior to start of study treatment