Genetically Engineered Virus (C134) for the Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Glioma

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed recurrent/progressive glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, or gliosarcoma
• Prior therapy. Patients must have failed external beam radiotherapy >= 5,000 CGy to the brain at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• Age >= 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of C134 in patients < 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study but will be eligible for future pediatric phase 1 single-agent trials
• Karnofsky performance status >= 70%
• Life expectancy of greater than 4 weeks
• Leukocytes >= 3,000/ ul
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/ ul
• Platelets >= 100,000/ ul
• Total bilirubin within normal institutional limits
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
• Creatinine within normal institutional limits OR creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal
• Residual lesion must be >= 1.0 cm in diameter as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• The effects of C134 on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception prior to study entry and for the first six months after receiving C134. Because it is currently unknown if C134 can be transmitted by sexual contact, a barrier method of birth control should be employed. Should a woman become pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
• Females of childbearing potential must not be pregnant; this will be confirmed by a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to starting study treatment
• Steroid use is allowed as long as dose has not increased within 2 weeks of scheduled C134 administration whenever possible, the patient should be on a steroid dose that is equivalent to a dexamethasone dose of =< 2 mg daily at the time of treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who have had chemotherapy, cytotoxic therapy, immunotherapy or gene therapy within 6 weeks prior to entering the study, surgical resection within 4 weeks prior to entering the study, or have received experimental viral therapy at any time (e.g., adenovirus, retrovirus or herpesvirus protocol). Also, those who have not recovered from adverse events due to therapeutic interventions administered more than 4 weeks earlier
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar biologic composition to C134
• Tumor involvement which would require ventricular, brainstem, basal ganglia, or posterior fossa inoculation or would require access through a ventricle in order to deliver treatment
• Prior history of encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, or other central nervous system (CNS) infection
• Active oral herpes lesion
• Concurrent therapy with any drug active against herpes simplex virus (HSV) (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir)
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or any other medical condition that precludes surgery. Also, psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Required steroid increase within 2 weeks of scheduled C134 administration. When possible, the patient should be on a dexamethasone equivalent dose of =< 2 mg daily at the time of treatment
• Known history of allergic reaction to IV contrast material that is not amenable to pretreatment by University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) protocol
• Have a pacemaker, ferro-magnetic aneurysm clips, metal infusion pumps, metal or shrapnel fragments, or certain types of stents
• Received bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy within 4 weeks of scheduled C134 administration
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because C134 is a viral oncolytic therapy with unknown potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with C134 breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with C134
• Immune deficient, because patients with immune deficiency will be unable to mount the anticipated immune response underlying this therapeutic rationale, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients are excluded from this study. Other treatment studies for this disease that are less dependent on the patients’ immune response are more appropriate for HIV seropositive patients