Pembrolizumab and QUAD SHOT Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced, Metastatic, or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Age 18 years and older
• Written informed consent and any locally-required authorization obtained from the patients prior to performing any protocol-related procedures, including screening evaluations
• Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, or unknown primary)
• Locally recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) not deemed amenable to curative-intent salvage therapy, in whom at least six months have passed since their prior radiation therapy (RT), if received
• Must have evaluable lesion per RECIST v1.1
• Patients agree to provide their smoking history prior to registration
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/ul
• Platelets >= 100,000/ul
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X upper normal limit (UNL) (except subjects with Gilbert syndrome, who can have total bilirubin < 3 mg/dl)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 2.5 X UNL
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 X UNL
• Calculated serum creatinine clearance > 40 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula or by 24-hour urine collection or serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Female patients of reproductive potential and their male partners must agree to practice total abstinence or use a highly effective method of contraception (failure rate < 1% per year) prior to study entry, during treatment and for 90 days following the last dose of study treatment. A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential unless 1 of the following applies: * She is considered to be permanently sterile. Permanent sterilization methods include hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, tubal ligation, and bilateral oophorectomy. * She is postmenopausal, defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. A high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level consistently in the postmenopausal range (30 mIU/mL or higher) may be used to confirm a postmenopausal state in women not using hormonal contraception or hormonal replacement therapy; however, in the absence of 12 months of amenorrhea, a single FSH measurement is insufficient to confirm a postmenopausal state. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result less than 3 days prior to administration of the first dose of study treatment
• Male patient agrees to use an adequate method of contraception

Exclusion Criteria

• Histologically confirmed other types (non-squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) of salivary gland cancer
• History of another primary malignancy EXCEPT For: * Malignancy treated with curative intent and with no known active disease >= 5 years before the first dose of study drug and of low potential risk for recurrence * Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or lentigo maligna without evidence of disease; adequately treated carcinoma in situ without evidence of disease (e.g., carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity and cervix are all permissible) * Low to favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria on active surveillance
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer within less than 6 months
• Patients who have received prior radiation therapy and who, in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist, cannot be reirradiated safely without excess risk of severe toxicity given prior radiation dose to critical structures
• Patients with known contraindications to radiotherapy, including inherited syndromes associated with hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (e.g., ataxia-telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome)
• Patients with inadequate renal function or other contraindications to IV contrast
• Any previous treatment with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, including pembrolizumab
• Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 28 days before the first dose of pembrolizumab, with the exceptions of intranasal and inhaled corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids at physiological doses, which are not to exceed 10 mg/day of prednisone, or an equivalent corticosteroid
• Any unresolved toxicity (> CTCAE grade 2) from previous anti-cancer therapy
• Any prior grade >= 3 immune-related adverse event (irAE) while receiving any previous immunotherapy agent, or any unresolved irAE > grade 1
• Active or prior documented autoimmune disease within the past 2 years (subjects with vitiligo, Grave's disease, or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment within the past 2 years are not excluded)
• Patients with evidence of interstitial lung disease or active, non-infectious pneumonitis
• History of primary immunodeficiency
• History of allogeneic organ transplant
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, active peptic ulcer disease or gastritis, active bleeding diatheses including any subject known to have evidence of acute or chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements or compromise the ability of the subject to give written informed consent
• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows: * Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months * Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months * Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within 30 days of registration * Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects * Known history of active infection including tuberculosis
• Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding or male or female patients of reproductive potential who are not willing to employ effective birth control from screening to 90 days after the last dose of pembrolizumab