Focal Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• English-speaking adult males
• Life expectancy over 10 years as assessed by treating physician
• Prior to enrollment, MRI fusion biopsy of MRI-visible lesion required (as detailed below, which includes systematic biopsy cores)
• Single focus Gleason Grading (GG) 2 or GG3 (additional GG1 allowed up to 6mm, noting that a single focus of disease is defined as an area seen on MRI that may be biopsied multiple times using targeted biopsies and have systematic core biopsies directly adjacent to targeted cores; all of which being considered as from the same focus) * Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of prostate * Organ-confined prostate cancer, clinical stage =< T2bN0M0 * Visible tumor on MRI * No clear evidence or high suspicion of extraprostatic extension or seminal vesical invasion on MRI * Biopsy via transperineal or transrectal approach with at least 2 cores of MRI visible lesions that are Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) 2 or higher and 12 core systematic biopsy template (exclusion of cores from systematic template that overlap with targeted cores allowed) * Additional performance of microultrasound guided biopsy is allowed though not required. Please note that every effort will be made to correlate microultrasound findings with MRI, in order to determine if positive results are from the same MRI-visible focus. This determination will be made by the surgeon performing the biopsy * Note that Gleason Grade Groups (GGG) 1 disease at sites other than ablation zone are allowed provided these are 6mm or less in size
• PSA =< 15 ng/mL, or prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) < 0.15 if PSA > 15 ng/mL
• Physician can fully visualize the prostate on transrectal ultrasound on entry biopsy
• Lesion anatomically amenable to cryotherapy treatment based on treating physician’s discretion
• Willing and able to read, understand and sign the study specific informed consent document
• Willing and agreeable to comply with study protocol requirements, including focal cryotherapy ablation and all follow up visit requirements
• Patients must consent to investigative laboratory protocol (such as, but not limited to, 2021-0560)

Exclusion Criteria

• Gleason grade group 4 or 5 disease
• Medical history or concurrent disease, which in the opinion of the investigator, poses the patient at significant peri-operative risk of complication due to anesthesia or the procedure
• Active urinary tract infection
• Any previous treatment for prostate cancer, including radiation therapy, hormonal treatment, biologic therapy for prostate cancer, or chemotherapy
• Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other prostate outlet procedure such as holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), greenlight, microwave ablation, aquablation, UroLift, or simple prostatectomy
• Previous rectal surgery (other than hemorrhoidectomy) or history of rectal disease
• Inability to obtain prostate MRI (ex. due to claustrophobia, pacemaker, or prohibitive implants)
• Unwilling to consent to laboratory investigative protocol (such as, but not limited to, 2021-0560)