Niraparib and Dostarlimab in Combination with Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancers

Inclusion Criteria

• Ability to understand and willingness to provide informed consent; legally authorized representative will not be utilized compliant with the principles of good clinical practice
• Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for duration of study
• Aged >= 18 years at the time of study drug administration
• Resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (i.e., T3 to T4 or T1-T4 with N1-2 M0)
• Recommended to receive total neoadjuvant therapy consisting of preoperative radiation therapy followed by systemic FOLFOX chemotherapy
• Adequate performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] of 0 or 1 or Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS] of > 70)
• Agreement to adhere to Lifestyle Considerations (see section 5.2) throughout study duration
• Participant must agree to not donate blood during the study or for 90 days after the last dose of study treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• Absolute neutrophil count < 1,500 cells /uL
• Platelets < 100,000 cells/uL
• Hemoglobin <9 g/dL
• Serum creatinine > 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or calculated creatinine clearance 60mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault equation
• Total bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN (>2.0 x ULN in patients with known Gilberts syndrome) or direct bilirubin > 1 x ULN
• Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase > 2.5 x ULN
• International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) >1.5x ULN unless patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or partial thromboplastin (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) >1.5x ULN unless patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants
• Uncontrolled arterial hypertension, i.e., systolic BP > 140 mmHg, diastolic BP > 90 mmHg
• Platelet transfusion =< 4 weeks prior to initiating protocol therapy. Because chronic low-volume blood loss is a common presentation for colorectal tumors, a single red blood cell (RBC) infusion is allowed to correct for Hb <9.0 as long as Hb >= 9.0 is maintained until initiation of experimental therapy (with a minimum of 7 days between transfusion and initiation of therapy)
• Presence of any M1 metastatic lesions. Equivocal liver lesions noted on computed tomography (CT) must be worked up further with ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to exclude hepatic metastases prior to enrollment. Suspected metastatic involvement of lymph nodes superior to conventional pelvic radiotherapy fields (the L5/S1 interspace) or in the inguinal canal (inferior to the cranial extent of the femoral heads) on appropriate imaging studies (CT, PET-CT, or MRI) will be considered non-regional metastatic disease for the purposes of this study
• Receipt of prior pelvic radiotherapy
• Known diagnosis of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency which is associated with increased risk of severe toxicity to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Owing to its low frequency and high number of mutations of unknown significance, current United States (US) practice guidelines do not recommend routine screening for DPD deficiency. Accordingly, screening for DPD deficiency is not required to determine eligibility
• Recommended to receive systemic chemotherapy prior to receipt of radiotherapy
• Recommended to receive a chemotherapy regimen other than FOLFOX chemotherapy. CapeOX (oral xeloda plus oxaliplatin) is an acceptable alternative as it contains the core fluoropyrimidine + oxaliplatin backbone
• Indication for alternative radiation dose of fractionation regimen
• Active Crohn’s disease or another inflammatory bowel disease
• Any T or N stage disease that is deemed unresectable by colorectal surgery without neoadjuvant therapy
• Prior anti-PD-L1 therapy, PARPi therapy, or known germline BRCA-1/2 mutation as patients with germline BRCA-1/2 mutations have an increased risk of severe normal tissue injury to combination radiation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition
• Received a live vaccine within 14 days of initiating protocol therapy
• Received colony stimulating factors (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, or recombinant erythropoietin) =< 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of protocol therapy
• Major surgery =< 3 weeks prior to Day 1 of protocol therapy (participant must recover from any surgical effects)
• Investigational therapy =< 4 weeks, or within a time interval less than at least 5 half-lives of the investigational agent, whichever is shorter, prior to Day 1 of protocol therapy
• Known hypersensitivity to niraparib and dostarlimab components or excipients
• Known grade 3 or 4 anemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia due to prior chemotherapy that persisted > 4 weeks and was related to the most recent treatment
• Known history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
• Diagnosis, detection, or treatment of another type of cancer =< 2 years prior to initiating protocol therapy (except basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and cervical cancer that has been definitively treated)
• Known history of >= grade 3 immune-related adverse event (AE) with prior immunotherapy, with the exception of non-clinically significant lab abnormalities
• Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or has received systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to initiating protocol therapy
• Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have documented detectable viral load or patients with a documented undetectable viral load and a CD 4 count < 350 cells within 6 months of study treatment day 1
• Known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV] ribonucleic acid [qualitative] is detected)
• Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
• History of interstitial lung disease
• Active or uncontrolled infection necessitating hospitalization or treatment delay
• Known serious, uncontrolled medical disorder or nonmalignant systemic disease that preclude eligibility to undergo low anterior resection (LAR). Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 90 days) myocardial infarction, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent
• Pregnancy. Participant must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to taking study treatment if of childbearing potential and agrees use a highly effective method of contraception from screening through 180 days after the last dose of niraparib and after the last dose of dostarlimab, or is of nonchildbearing potential. Nonchildbearing potential is defined as follows (by other than medical reasons): * >=60 years of age * Post-hysterectomy. Documented hysterectomy or oophorectomy must be confirmed with medical records of the actual procedure or confirmed by an ultrasound.
• Actively breastfeeding. Participant must agree to not breastfeed during the study or for 8 weeks after the last dose of study treatment
• Declines to use a highly effective method of contraception (see Section 5.2.1 for a list of acceptable birth control methods). Eligible patients must agree to highly effective methods of contraception starting with the first dose of study treatment through 180 days after the last dose of niraparib and dostarlimab