Optimizing PTCy Dose and Timing

Background: Stem cell or bone marrow transplants can cure or control blood cancers. Sometimes the donor cells see the recipient s body as foreign. This can cause complications. A high dose of the drug cyclophosphamide (PTCy) can help reduce these risks. Researchers want to see if a lower dose of PTCy can have the same benefits. Objective: To see if a lower dose of PTCy will help people with blood cancers have a more successful transplant and fewer side effects. Eligibility: People ages 15-65 with leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma that is not curable with standard therapy and is at high risk of returning without transplant, and their healthy adult relatives Design: Transplant participants will be screened with: Blood, urine, breathing, and heart tests Scans Chest x-ray Bone marrow samples: A needle inserted into the participant s pelvis will remove marrow and a bone fragment. Transplant recipients will stay at the hospital and be prepped with chemotherapy over 6 days for the transplant. They will get stem cells through a catheter in the chest or neck. They will get the cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. They will stay in the hospital about 4 more weeks. They will have blood transfusions. They will have frequent blood tests and 2 bone marrow samples within 1 year after the transplant. Donor participants will be screened with: Blood, urine, and heart tests Chest x-ray Scans Donor participants will have bone marrow taken from their pelvis or stem cells taken from their blood. For the blood donation, blood will be taken from a vein in one arm, move through a machine to remove white blood cells, and be returned through a vein in the other arm. Participation will last up to 5 years....

Inclusion Criteria

• - INCLUSION CRITERIA: Inclusion Criteria - Recipient - Patients must have a histologically or cytologically confirmed hematologic malignancy with standard indication for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation limited to one of the following: - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of intermediate or adverse risk disease by the 2017 European LeukemiaNet criteria in first morphologic complete remission (<5% blasts in the bone marrow, no detectable abnormal peripheral blasts, and no extramedullary disease) - AML of any risk in second or subsequent morphologic complete remission - B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first or subsequent complete remission - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with minimal residual disease detected after first line therapy and/or adverse genetics (no NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutation or presence of N/K-RAS mutation and/or PTEN gene alteration) - Myelodysplastic syndrome of intermediate or higher score by the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) - Primary myelofibrosis of intermediate-2 or higher risk by the DIPSS - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia - Chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to or intolerant of greater than or equal to 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors or with history of accelerated phase or blast crisis - B-cell lymphoma including Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed within 1 year of completion of primary treatment - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion and/or unmutated IgHV or refractory to or intolerant of both BTK and PI3K inhibitors - Mature T or NK neoplasms as defined in the WHO guidelines of sufficient type and severity for allogeneic HCT based on the Prognostic Index for T-cell lymphoma (PIT) score of low-intermediate risk or higher or on recently published clinical practice guidelines - Hematologic malignancy of dendritic cell or histiocytic cell type - Multiple myeloma, stage III, relapsing after therapy with both a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) - Age 15-65. Patients <18 years old must be at least 50 kg. Note: Because patients 15-17 years old and <50 kg are not able to be cared for on the adult oncology wards and by the investigative team, they are excluded. - At least one potentially suitable HLA-haploidentical donor. - Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 60 - Adequate organ function defined as possessing all of the following: - Cardiac ejection fraction greater than or equal to 45% by 2D ECHO or MUGA; - Forced expiratory volume-1 (FEV-1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (corrected for hemoglobin) all of greater than or equal to 50% predicted; - Estimated serum creatinine clearance of greater than or equal to 60 ml/minute/1.73m(2) calculated using eGRF in the clinical lab for adults and the Schwartz formula for pediatric subjects; - Total bilirubin less than or equal to 2X the upper limit of normal; - Alanine aminostransferase and aspartate aminotransferase less than or equal to 3X the upper limit of normal. - Myeloablative conditioning is toxic to the developing human fetus and is teratogenic. For this reason, the following measures apply: - Women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for at least one year post-transplant. - Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. - WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior to enrollment. - Ability of subject or Legally Authorized Representative to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Pediatric patients (<18 years of age) will provide assent, and the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) will provide informed consent. - Subjects requiring standard therapies to prepare for HCT should be referred in remission if possible. However, these diseases are often aggressive and require swift evaluation for HCT while concurrently attempting to establish disease control through the administration of standard therapies. If ongoing therapy for the underlying disease outside of the NIH is not in the best interest of the subject according to the clinical judgment of the PI, then the subject may receive up to 2 cycles of standard treatment for his/her underlying hematologic malignancy as a bridge to HCT on this protocol, prior to starting the research phase of the study. The subject must have a Karnofsky performance status of greater than or equal to 60% at the start of the first cycle to proceed. If it becomes apparent that the subject will not be able to proceed to HCT, then he/she must come off study. Subjects receiving standard therapy will be told about the therapy, associated risks, potential benefits, alternatives to the proposed therapy, and the availability of receiving the same treatment elsewhere, outside of a research protocol. Inclusion Criteria - Related Donor - Age greater than or equal to 18 - Karnofsky performance status of 90-100% - Related donors with a single haplotype at HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci that is shared with the recipient by high resolution typing with the other haplotype being non-identical as measured by HLA typing and family tree - Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document; medically fit and willing to donate - No history of opportunistic infections, autoimmunity, hemoglobinopathy, red cell enzymopathy, or malignancy, apart from non-melanomatous skin cancer or healed cervical cancer in situ. - If a hereditary malignancy syndrome affecting the hematopoietic system is known to affect the family and is testable, the donor must not be affected. - HIV negative, hepatitis B virus surface antigen negative, and hepatitis C virus antibody negative. - Medically fit to undergo anesthesia and bone marrow harvesting. - Related donors will undergo the Donor Health History Screen by skilled staff in the Blood Services Section for donors to determine donor eligibility using standard DTM criteria. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Exclusion Criteria - Recipient - Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents. Prior experimental therapies must have been completed at least 4 weeks prior to the date of beginning conditioning. - Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection excluding controlled fungal infection on appropriate treatment, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, endocrinopathy (significant uncontrolled or untreated hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or adrenal insufficiency), or active psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements - Prior myeloablative conditioning for autologous or allogeneic HCT. - An HLA-matched-sibling donor who is available and willing to donate bone marrow. Note: The patient must have access to HCT using this donor for this to be an exclusion criterion. - Pregnant women or women who intend to become pregnant during the study are excluded because myeloablative conditioning is toxic to the developing fetus with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. - The potential for some of the study medications to be transmissible via breast milk of nursing mothers is unknown. Because there is unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother, breastfeeding must be discontinued. - Active malignancy of non-hematopoietic type (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) which is: metastatic, or relapsed/refractory to treatment, or locally advanced and not amenable to curative treatment, or limited disease treated with curative intent treatment within the last 2 years. This excludes non-melanoma skin cancers. - The severity of the hematologic malignancy does not warrant the potential toxicity of myeloablative allogeneic HCT as judged by the PI. Exclusion Criteria - Related Donor - Donors must not be pregnant. Donors of childbearing potential must use an effective method of contraception, including one or more of the following: intrauterine device, hormonal (birth control pills, injections, or implants), tubal ligation/hysterectomy, partner s vasectomy, barrier methods (condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap), or abstinence from the day of signing consent through day +60 of the recipient s HCT. - Donor to which the recipient has donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies and adequate reduction of recipient anti-HLA alloantibodies cannot be attempted or, if attempted, cannot be successfully achieved. - History of a psychiatric disorder which in the opinion of the PI may compromise compliance with the transplant protocol or which does not allow for appropriate informed consent. - Other medical constraints that in the opinion of the PI constitute exclusion. Donors will be asked in the consent to refrain from certain activities prior to and during participation (e.g., foreign travel, tattoos); however, these do not automatically exclude the donor and will be reviewed by the PI.

Background: - Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) reduces rates of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and safely facilitates human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical HCT - When clinically translated, the dose (50 mg/kg) and timing (days +3 and +4) of PTCy used were partly extrapolated from murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched skin allografting models and were partly empirical - In both MHC-haploidentical and MHC-disparate murine HCT models, a dose of 25 mg/kg/day was superior to 50 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4 in terms of GVHD severity and mortality - In the MHC-haploidentical HCT model, a dose of 25 mg/kg on day +4 was equivalent to 25 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4 - In addition to better GVHD prevention, lower dosing of PTCy is associated with less broad reduction of T-cell numbers after PTCy Objective: -Determine whether a dose of PTCy 25 mg/kg on day +3 and +4 or on day +4 only can maintain adequate protection against grade III-IV acute GVHD. Eligibility: - Histologically or cytologically confirmed hematologic malignancy with standard indication for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation including one of the following: - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of intermediate or adverse risk disease by the 2017 European LeukemiaNet criteria in first morphologic complete remission - AML of any risk in second or subsequent morphologic complete remission - B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first or subsequent complete remission - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with minimal residual disease detected after first line therapy and/or adverse genetics - Myelodysplastic syndrome of intermediate or higher score by the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) - Primary myelofibrosis of intermediate-2 or higher risk by the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia - Chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to or intolerant of greater than or equal to 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors or with prior history of accelerated phase or blast crisis - B-cell lymphoma including Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed within 1 year of completion of primary treatment - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion and/or unmutated IgHV or refractory to or intolerant of both BTK and PI3K inhibitors - Mature T or NK neoplasms as defined in the WHO guidelines of sufficient type and severity for allogeneic HCT based on the Prognostic Index for T- cell lymphoma (PIT) score of low-intermediate risk or higher or on recently published clinical practice guidelines - Hematologic malignancy of dendritic cell or histiocytic cell type - Multiple myeloma, stage III, relapsing after therapy with both a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) - Age 15-65. - At least one potentially suitable HLA-haploidentical donor. - Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 60 - Adequate organ function Design: - Open-label, single-center, non-randomized, phase I/II study - All patients will receive myeloablative conditioning, HLA-haploidentical bone marrow HCT, and GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy, MMF, and sirolimus. - A small pilot of 5 evaluable patients will receive the standard PTCy 50 mg/kg on days +3/+4 to obtain a limited amount of comparative pharmacokinetic and T-cell immunophenotyping and repertoire data - Then the study will proceed to a small, two-level [1) 25 mg/kg/day on days +3 and +4, 2) 25 mg/kg on day +4 only] phase I dose de-escalation study based on the standard 3+3 approach - Patients will be evaluated for development of grade III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day +60 as the dose-limiting toxicity and phase II will proceed with the shorter duration of the days of treatment (+3/+4 or +4) which is associated with 0-1 of 6 patients with grade III- IV aGVHD at day +60 - Simon optimal two-stage phase II trial design, to rule out excess grade III-IV acute GVHD with this decreased PTCy exposure, will be used in the phase II portion of the study which will enroll an additional 14 patients to see if this lower PTCy exposure is associated with a similar rate of grade III-IV acute GVHD as is expected with 50 mg/kg on days +3/+4

Lead Organization
National Cancer Institute

Principal Investigator
Christopher Kanakry