Create a Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN)

Immunotherapy leverages the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy infected, damaged, and transformed cells. This type of cancer treatment enhances the activity of immune cells to attack tumors. While immunotherapeutic approaches have been used to successfully treat a limited number of childhood cancers, particularly leukemia and neuroblastoma, there are currently no effective immunotherapy options for most patients with high-risk or difficult-to-treat childhood cancers.

There are a number of barriers to the development of immunotherapies for childhood cancers. Unlike many adult tumors, many childhood cancers express few or no markers that can be recognized by the immune system. Similarly, many immunotherapies target specific markers that are expressed in adult cancers but not childhood cancers. Tumors of childhood cancer patients can also develop a microenvironment that suppresses immunity and reduces the effectiveness of immunotherapies.

This recommendation is aimed at creating a pediatric immunotherapy science network that will focus on a collaborative effort in determining targets for immunotherapies and developing and testing new treatment approaches – including cancer vaccines, cellular therapy, and combinations of immunotherapy and other forms of therapy.

Ultimately, the hope is to develop new immunotherapies and improve the effectiveness of current immunotherapy treatments to reduce the burden of cancer in children.

NCI has awarded funding to several research projects that align with the panel's recommendation to address immunotherapy in children:

The Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN)

This collaborative network is identifying and advancing translational immunotherapy research for children and adolescents with cancer. The network is working to discover and characterize new targets for immunotherapies, design experimental models to test the effectiveness of pediatric immunotherapies, develop new immunotherapy treatments, and improve the understanding of tumor immunity in pediatric cancer patients. This network is also working to overcome major barriers in developing effective immunotherapies for children, such as lower expression of proteins that can be recognized by immune cells and the immunosuppressive environments of tumors in some pediatric cancers. Investigators in the PI-DDN are working together on multicomponent research studies centered around a pediatric cancer research area and individual pediatric immunotherapy projects. The goal of the network is to advance pediatric immunotherapies to treat children and adolescents with high-risk cancers.

Pediatric Immunotherapy Projects Awarded Cancer Moonshot Funding

Awarded Projects

Funding Opportunity	Project Title	Institution	Principal Investigator(s)
Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN) (U01)	Multispecific Targeting Incorporating Cytokine Receptor Pathways in High Risk Pediatric Acute Leukemias to Improve Durability of Adoptive Cell Therapy-Induced Remissions	University of Colorado Denver	Fry, Terry J; Tasian, Sarah Kathleen
	Combinations of Synergistic Bispecific Human Antibodies: A Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center	Olson, James M; Mehlin, Christopher
	Dual Targeting of Tumoral Microenvironment and Tumoral Cells by Blocking the Il-33/St2 Pathway	Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis	Paczesny, Sophie; Cheung, Nai-Kong V
	Cassette Exons in Neoplastic Pro-B-Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Thomas-Tikhonenko, Andrei; Barash, Yoseph
	Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor Microenvironment to Maximize Immunotherapy for Pediatric Cancers	Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital	Wang, Ruoning
Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN) (U54)	Discovery and Development of Optimal Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Childhood Cancers	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Maris, John M; Mackall, Crystal
Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network (CITN) (UM1)	Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network Central Operations And Statistical Center	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center	Cheever, Martin Alexander