Government Funding Lapse
Because of a lapse in government funding, the information on this website may not be up to date, transactions submitted via the website may not be processed, and the agency may not be able to respond to inquiries until appropriations are enacted.

The NIH Clinical Center (the research hospital of NIH) is open. For more details about its operating status, please visit cc.nih.gov.

Updates regarding government operating status and resumption of normal operations can be found at opm.gov.

How Genetic Changes Lead to Cancer

Genes contain information to make proteins, and proteins control many important functions like cell growth. Genetic mutations can change how proteins function. Some types of genetic mutations change proteins in ways that cause healthy cells to become cancerous.

NCI Genetic Changes and Cancer. Shows how genetic information creates proteins; DNA, RNA and Protein. The four types of genetic mutations in cancer are missense mutation, frameshift mutation nonsense mutation and chromosome rearrangements.

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