Cancer Grand Challenges

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Cancer Research UK, the world’s leading funders of cancer research, partnered to launch the Cancer Grand Challenges program in 2020. Cancer Grand Challenges aims to provide multiple rounds of funding for interdisciplinary research teams from around whose novel ideas offer the greatest potential to advance bold cancer research and improve outcomes for people affected by cancer.

Review the NCI Other Transaction Award Policy Guide for Cancer Grand Challenges to learn about the NIH funding mechanism that is being used for this initiative.

Open Cancer Grand Challenges

In this round, nine challenges were developed through a series of international workshops and an open call online that collected ideas from the cancer research community and people affected by cancer. Of these, the most compelling were evaluated by experts in cancer research. The experts provided their recommendations to Cancer Research UK. As funding partners, NCI and Cancer Research UK made the final decision on the Cancer Grand Challenges.

The timeline for this round of Challenge questions is listed below and will be updated regularly:

Milestone	Date
Launch of Cancer Grand Challenges questions	3/8/2023
Expressions of Interest due	6/22/2023
Announcement of those selected to submit a full application	7/2023
Full application deadline for shortlisted teams	10/2023
Interviews for shortlisted teams	12/2023
Final teams publicly announced	3/2024

Learn more about this round of Cancer Grand Challenges, the challenge-setting process, and currently funded teams at the Cancer Grand Challenges program website. 

Current Challenges:

• Decipher the T-cell receptor cancer-recognition code
• Determine the mechanisms through which obesity and physical activity influence cancer risk
• Determine why the incidence of early-onset cancers in adults is rising globally
• Understand cancer cell plasticity and its contribution to the development of pan-therapeutic resistance in cancer
• Understand the mechanisms through which genetics, biology, and social determinants affect cancer risk and outcomes in diverse populations, to motivate interventions to reduce cancer inequities
• Understand the roles of retrotransposable elements in cancer
• Develop therapeutics to target oncogenic drivers of solid tumors in children
• Decipher the functional basis underlying the association between aging somatic tissues and cancer
• Understand and prevent chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity and neuropathy

2021 Cancer Grand Challenges

NCI and Cancer Research UK received expressions of interest (EOI) submissions from 169 diverse teams, spanning more than 60 countries, applying for the nine open challenges. The scientific committee narrowed the innovative ideas to a shortlist of eleven teams, and these teams received seed funding to develop their ideas into full proposals.

From that shortlist of eleven teams, four funded teams were selected and will each receive approximately $25 million over five years, giving these interdisciplinary teams of scientists the flexibility and scale to innovate and carry out cutting-edge research on their Cancer Grand Challenge topic. 

The winning teams and challenges include:

• The CANCAN team will explore cancer cachexia as a tumor-driven syndrome. Cachexia is a debilitating muscle wasting syndrome that dramatically affects quality of life and survival for many people with advanced cancer. The team is led by Eileen White, Ph.D., Rutgers Institute of New Jersey; Marcus DaSilva Goncalves, M.D., Ph.D., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City; and Tobias Janowitz, M.D., Ph.D., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
• The eDyNAmiC team seeks to understand the creation and action of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), which helps tumors evolve and evade treatment. They are also developing new ways to target these mechanisms in cancer. The team is led by Paul Mischel, M.D., Stanford University.
• The NexTGen team will work to develop engineered T-cell therapies for childhood cancer. They will also explore whether changing the tumor microenvironment can help make treatments more effective. The team is led by Catherine Bollard, M.D., Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C.; and Martin Pule, University College London.
• The PROMINENT team aims to discover what triggers normal cells to become cancerous to inform prevention. They will explore how carcinogens and other mutation-forming factors help turn a normal cell into a tumor cell. The team is led by Allen Balmain, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco; Paul Brennan, Ph.D., International Agency for Research on Cancer; and Núria López Bigas, Ph.D., Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona.

For more information about each of the funded teams, visit cancergrandchallenges.org.