personalized neoantigen DNA vaccine GNOS-PVO2

A personalized cancer vaccine consisting of patient-specific neoantigen-coding DNA plasmids, which are immunogenic and unique to the patient's tumor, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal delivery by electroporation of GNOS-PVO2, the patient-specific neoantigens are translated in cells and elicit a specific and potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing these neoantigens, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Each patient-specific formulation may contain multiple DNA plasmids, and each plasmid may contain multiple neoantigen DNA sequences, allowing the delivery of multiple neoantigen DNA sequences simultaneously.