NCI Drug Dictionary

31 results found for: Q

Q-Can Plus: (Other name for: fermented soybean extract)
Q-Urol: (Other name for: quercetin/rye flower pollen/bromelain/papain supplement)
Qapzola: (Other name for: apaziquone)
qilisheng immunoregulatory oral solution: An oral solution containing Spondias axillaris, Panax ginseng, schisandra berry, hawthorn, soybean and an as of yet not elucidated bacterium, with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon oral administration of the qilisheng immunoregulatory oral solution, the ingredients in qilisheng may modulate the immune system.
Qinlock: (Other name for: ripretinib)
Qnasl: (Other name for: beclomethasone dipropionate)
QS21: A purified, natural saponin isolated from the soapbark tree Quillaja saponaria Molina with potential immunoadjuvant activity. When co-administered with vaccine peptides, QS21 may increase total antitumoral vaccine-specific antibody responses and cytotoxic T-cell responses.
Quadramet: (Other name for: samarium Sm-153 lexidronam pentasodium)
quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: A synthetic vaccine consisting of hemagglutinin (HA) antigens derived from four inactivated influenza viruses, two different influenza type A strains and two different influenza type B strains, with protective immunizing activity. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) is formulated annually, based on influenza strains projected to be prevalent in the upcoming flu season. Upon administration, the QIV provides active immunization against the four influenza virus strains, thereby protecting against influenza infection.
quaratusugene ozeplasmid: A formulation composed of DOTAP:cholesterol liposomal nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid expression cassette encoding human FUS1 protein, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, DOTAP:chol-Fus1 liposome complex accumulates mainly in the lungs and particularly in cancer cells. Upon transfer of the Fus1 gene into tumor cells, the expression of Fus1 may induce tumor cell apoptosis and suppress tumor cell proliferation. Fus1, a potent tumor-suppressor protein, is present in normal, healthy cells but often absent in certain cancer cells. DOTAP:cholesterol liposome is composed of cationic lipid dioleoyl-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and cholesterol at a molar ratio of 1:1.
quarfloxacin: A fluoroquinolone derivative with antineoplastic activity. Quarfloxin disrupts the interaction between the nucleolin protein and a G-quadruplex DNA structure in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) template, a critical interaction for rRNA biogenesis that is overexpressed in cancer cells; disruption of this G-quadruplex DNA:protein interaction in aberrant rRNA biogenesis may result in the inhibition of ribosome synthesis and tumor cell apoptosis.
quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles: A crosslinked nanoparticle formulation containing quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI) with potential antibacterial activity. The cationic polymer PEI kills bacteria by rupturing their cell membranes without the development of resistance. Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles can be incorporated into dental composite resins or silicon obturator prostheses and may prevent or delay bacterial growth.
quavonlimab: A monoclonal antibody directed against the human T-cell-expressed receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4; CTLA-4), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, quavonlimab targets and binds to CTLA4 expressed on T cells and inhibits the CTLA4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation. This leads to a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against cancer cells. CTLA4, an inhibitory receptor and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, plays a key role in the downregulation of the immune system.
Quelicin: (Other name for: succinylcholine chloride)
Quellor: (Other name for: pegipanermin)
quemliclustat: A small molecule, competitive inhibitor of the ectoenzyme CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73; 5'-ecto-nucleotidase; 5'-NT; ecto-5'-nucleotidase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, quemliclustat targets and binds to CD73, leading to clustering of and internalization of CD73. This prevents CD73-mediated conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and decreases the amount of free adenosine in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This prevents adenosine-mediated lymphocyte suppression and increases the activity of CD8-positive effector cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This also activates macrophages and reduces the activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). By abrogating the inhibitory effect on the immune system and enhancing the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells, tumor cell growth decreases. In addition, clustering and internalization of CD73 decreases the migration of cancer cells and prevents metastasis. CD73, a plasma membrane protein belonging to the 5'-nucleotidase (NTase) family, upregulated on a number of cancer cell types, catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides, such as AMP, to membrane-permeable nucleosides, such as adenosine; it plays a key role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppression within the TME.
quercetin: A polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
quercetin/rye flower pollen/bromelain/papain supplement: An herbal nutritional supplement composed of a proprietary mix of the bioflavonoid quercetin, an extract of rye flower pollen, bromelain and papain, with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Upon administration, the quercetin/rye flower pollen/bromelain/papain supplement may exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may relieve prostatitis symptoms. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin may be mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Bromelain and papain act by enhancing the absorption of quercetin, leading to a greater efficacy. The rye flower pollen extract may have anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.
quercetin/saw palmetto/cranberry/bromelain/papain/zinc supplement: A quercetin-based herbal supplement composed of a proprietary mix of the bioflavonoid quercetin, cranberry, saw palmetto, bromelain, papain, and zinc, with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Upon administration, the quercetin/saw palmetto/cranberry/bromelain/papain/zinc supplement may exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may relieve prostatitis symptoms. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin may be mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Questran: (Other name for: cholestyramine)
Questran Light: (Other name for: cholestyramine)
Quillivant XR: (Other name for: methylphenidate hydrochloride)
quinacrine dihydrochloride: The dihydrochloride salt of the 9-aminoacridine derivative quinacrine with potential antineoplastic and antiparasitic activities. Quinacrine may inhibit the transcription and activity of both basal and inducible nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which may result in the induction of tumor suppressor p53 transcription, the restoration of p53-dependent apoptotic pathways, and tumor cell apoptosis. Continuous NF-kappaB signaling, present in many tumors and in chronic inflammatory processes, promotes the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and cytokines while downregulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins, such as p53.
Quinamed: (Other name for: amonafide dihydrochloride)
quinidine: An alkaloid extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree with class 1A antiarrhythmic and antimalarial effects. Quinidine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the sodium influx required for the initiation and conduction of impulses resulting in an increase of the threshold for excitation and decreased depolarization during phase 0 of the action potential. In addition, the effective refractory period (ERP), action potential duration (APD), and ERP/APD ratios are increased, resulting in decreased conduction velocity of nerve impulses. Quinidine exerts its antimalarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the heme polymer (hemazoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite.
quinine: A quinidine alkaloid isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine has many mechanisms of action, including reduction of oxygen intake and carbohydrate metabolism; disruption of DNA replication and transcription via DNA intercalation; and reduction of the excitability of muscle fibers via alteration of calcium distribution. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein which is overexpressed in multi-drug resistant tumors and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents.
quinolonyl-oxazolidinone antibiotic DNV3837: A prodrug of DNV3681, a small molecule quinolonyl-oxazolidinone antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridioides difficile. Upon intravenous administration, DNV3837 crosses the gastrointestinal barrier to reach the C. difficile infection site. The active drug DNV3681 may affect four bacterial targets including DNA-gyrase, topoisomerase IV, protein synthesis and aminoacyl-t-RNA synthetases, which leads to bacterial cell death. DNV3681 does not have antibacterial activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, sparing intestinal Bacteroides spp. that provide colonization resistance in the digestive tract.
quisinostat: An orally bioavailable, second-generation, hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with potential antineoplastic activity. Quisinostat inhibits HDAC leading to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, which may result in an induction of chromatin remodeling; inhibition of the transcription of tumor suppressor genes; inhibition of tumor cell division; and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins. Compared to some first generation HDAC inhibitors, JNJ-26481585 may induce superior HSP70 upregulation and bcl-2 downregulation.
Quixin: (Other name for: levofloxacin)
quizartinib dihydrochloride: The dihydrochloride salt form of quizartinib, an orally available small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Quizartinib selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligand-independent leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in FLT3, resulting in constitutive activation, are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occur in approximately one-third of AML cases.
Qvar: (Other name for: beclomethasone dipropionate)