NCI Drug Dictionary

302 results found for: H

H-ras antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ISIS 2503: A synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide. Functioning as an anti-sense agent, it hybridizes to the translation initiation region of the human mRNA for the oncogene H-Ras. ISIS 2503 selectively inhibits the expression of H-Ras, and may inhibit the growth of some Ras-dependent tumor cells.
H1299 tumor cell lysate vaccine: A cell lysate derived from a lung cancer cell line, H1299, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intramuscular administration, the H1299 tumor cell lysate exposes the immune system to an undefined amount of tumor associated antigens (TAA), particularly cancer testis antigens (CTAs), which may result in the induction of both anti-tumoral cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and antibody-dependent responses against TAA-expressing cells, leading to tumor cell lysis. CTAs, such as MAGE, are selectively expressed in a variety of cancers but are not expressed in normal, healthy cells outside the testis.
H3.3K27M-specific peptide vaccine: A vaccine composed of a peptide derived from histone H3.3 containing the amino acid substitution mutation lysine (Lys) 27-to-methionine (H3.3K27M), with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the H3.3K27M-specific peptide vaccine, the immune system may exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against H3.3K27M-expressing tumor cells. The H3.3K27M mutation alters the methylation and acetylation profile of the histone H3 variant H3.3 at Lys 27. Modification of H3.3 at Lys 27 regulates gene expression, and the H3.3K27M mutation occurs in a variety of cancer cell types.
H3K27M long peptide vaccine: A vaccine composed of a twenty seven (27) amino acid long peptide derived from histone H3 containing the amino acid substitution mutation from lysine (Lys) to methionine (Met) at position 27 (H3K27M), with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities. Upon subcutaneous administration of the H3K27M long peptide vaccine, the immune system may exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against H3K27M-expressing tumor cells. H3K27M is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) specifically expressed in tumor cells but not in normal cells. H3K27M mutations, including the K27M-mutant histone-3.1 (H3.1K27M) and K27M-mutant histone-3.3 (H3.3K27M) mutations, alter the methylation and acetylation profile of histone H3 at Lys 27. Modification of H3 at Lys 27 regulates gene expression, and these mutations occur in a variety of cancer cell types.
HAAH lambda phage vaccine SNS-301: A nanoparticle-based cancer vaccine composed of a neutralized bacteriophage Lambda construct that is genetically engineered to contain peptide fragments of human aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase (HAAH; ASPH) on its surface and are fused to the C-terminus of the head protein of phage lambda gpD, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. HAAH lambda phage vaccine SNS-301 also contains DNA fragments representing the phage CpG motif that activate the MHC class II pathway. Upon intradermal administration of the HAAH lambda phage vaccine SNS-301, the bacteriophage exposes the immune system to HAAH, producing a HAAH-specific antibody response, and may activate the immune system to induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against HAAH-expressing tumor cells. HAAH is a transmembrane protein and highly conserved enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains of substrate proteins. HAAH is normally expressed in fetal development and is upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, while its expression is nearly absent in healthy, normal cells. HAAH plays a key role in cancer cell growth, cell motility and invasiveness. Its expression is associated with a poor prognosis.
Haelan 951: (Other name for: fermented soybean protein beverage)
Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine: A vaccine against serotype b of the Gram-negative bacterium H. influenzae (Hib). Hib vaccines contain polysaccharide-protein conjugate antigens that produce greater host immune responses than first-generation purified polysaccharide vaccine. These vaccines may differ with regard to use of protein carriers, polysaccharides, diluents, and preservatives.
hafnium oxide-containing nanoparticles NBTXR3: A suspension of nanoparticles containing inert inorganic hafnium oxide (HfO2) crystals with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon injection of NBTXR3 into the tumor, the hafnium oxide-containing nanoparticles accumulate in the tumor cells. Subsequent application of radiation beams to the tumor tissue causes HfO2 particles to emit huge amounts of electrons. This results in the formation of free radicals within the tumor cells, which in turn causes targeted destruction of the cancer cells. Compared to standard radiotherapy, because of the inert nature of NBTXR3, this agent emits electrons only during its exposure to radiation which improves radiotherapy efficiency.
Halaven: (Other name for: Eribulin Mesylate)
Haldol: (Other name for: haloperidol)
halichondrin analogue E7130: A halichondrin analogue derived from a marine sponge with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous infusion, halichondrin analogue E7130 may bind to the vinca domain of tubulin and inhibit the polymerization of tubulin and the assembly of microtubules, thereby inhibiting mitotic spindle assembly and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Halodrin: (Other name for: fluoxymesterone)
halofuginone hydrobromide: The hydrobromide salt of halofuginone, a semisynthetic quinazolinone alkaloid anticoccidial derived from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, with antifibrotic and potential antineoplastic activities. Halofuginone specifically inhibits collagen type I gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene expression, which may result in the suppression of angiogenesis, tumor stromal cell development, and tumor cell growth. These effects appear to be due to halofuginone-mediated inhibition of the collagen type I and MMP-2 promoters. Collagen type I and MMP-2 play important roles in fibro-proliferative diseases.
haloperidol: A phenylbutylpiperadine derivative with antipsychotic, neuroleptic, and antiemetic activities. Haloperidol competitively blocks postsynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the mesolimbic system of the brain, thereby eliminating dopamine neurotransmission and leading to antidelusionary and antihallucinagenic effects. Antagonistic activity mediated through D2 dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptive trigger zone (CTZ) accounts for its antiemetic activity.
Halotestin: (Other name for: fluoxymesterone)
haNK: (Other name for: allogeneic natural killer cell line NK-92)
haploidentical natural killer cells K-NK002: A population of ex-vivo expanded and activated haploidentical donor-derived natural killer (NK) cells, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration prior to and following haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation, the haploidentical NK cells K-NK002 may induce an anti-tumor immune response and may exert cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Harvoni: (Other name for: ledipasvir mixture with sofosbuvir)
Havrix: (Other name for: hepatitis A vaccine)
HBV mRNA vaccine: A vaccine consisting of a mRNA delivery vector encapsulating messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding an unspecified antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the HBV mRNA vaccine, the mRNA delivery vector releases HBV mRNA into the cells. The mRNA is then translated by the cellular protein translation machinery to produce the HBV antigen. This results in the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses against the HBV antigen. HBV infection is present in many hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
HCV DNA vaccine INO-8000: A multi-antigen DNA vaccine consisting of plasmids encoding the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural proteins 3 (NS3), 4A (NS4A), 4B (NS4B) and 5A (NS5A), with potential immunomodulating and cancer preventive activities. Administered via intramuscular injection followed by electroporation, cells transfected with the HCV DNA vaccine INO-8000 express the encoded HCV proteins, which may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against HCV-infected liver cells expressing the NS3, NS4A, NS4B or NS5A proteins. This results in the eradication of HCV-infected cells. HCV, a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
HDAC class I/IIb inhibitor HG146: An orally available inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) classes I and IIb with potential antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, HDAC I/IIb inhibitor HG146 selectively inhibits the catalytic activity of class I and IIb HDACs, which results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to the inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, which inhibits tumor cell division and induces tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins. Class I HDACs are located in the nucleus and include HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 8; class IIb HDACs include HDAC 6 and 10 and are located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
HDAC inhibitor CHR-2845: A hydroxamic acid-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. CHR-2845 inhibits HDAC leading to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, which may result in chromatin remodeling, inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, inhibition of tumor cell division, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins; this agent may specifically target HDACs in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage.
HDAC inhibitor CKD-581: A highly water-soluble, pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, HDAC inhibitor CKD-581 targets and inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling, and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to the inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, which results in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins.
HDAC inhibitor OBP-801: An inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, OBP-801 inhibits the activity of HDACs; this results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit proliferation of susceptible tumor cells. HDAC, which is upregulated in many tumor cell types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins.
HDAC inhibitor REC-2282: An orally available phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, REC-2282 inhibits the catalytic activity of HDAC, which results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to the inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, which inhibits tumor cell division and induces tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins.
HDAC inhibitor SHP-141: A topical formulation containing the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon cutaneous administration, SHP-141 selectively binds to and inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones in the skin (dermis and epidermis), the induction of chromatin remodeling, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes. These events may result in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins. Topical administration of SHP-141 allows for high concentrations of this agent locally while minimizing systemic toxicity.
HDAC/EGFR/Her2 inhibitor CUDC-101: A multi-targeted, small-molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR/ErbB1), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase (HER2/neu or ErbB2) with potential antineoplastic activity. HDAC/EGFR/HER2 inhibitor CUDC-101 inhibits the activity of these three enzymes but the exact mechanism of action is presently unknown. This agent may help overcome resistance to inhibition of EGFR and Her2 through a simultaneous, synergistic inhibition of EGFR, Her2, and HDAC.
HDAC6 inhibitor KA2507: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) type 6 (HDAC6; HDAC-6), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, KA2507 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of HDAC6. This results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. Specifically, inhibition of HDAC6 prevents STAT3 activity, which leads to a reduction in programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. Eventually, this results in a selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division and an induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress HDAC6. HDAC6, which is upregulated in many tumor cell types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins.
HDAC8 inhibitor NBM-BMX: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) type 8 (HDAC8; HDAC-8), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, NBM-BMX targets and inhibits the activity of HDAC8. This results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, chromatin remodeling, and selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, ultimately promoting cell-cycle arrest and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC8, a class 1 histone deacetylase, plays a key role in transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression. Aberrant expression of HDAC8 or deregulated interactions with transcription factors may contribute to tumorigenesis. Isotype-selective HDAC inhibitors may be associated with fewer adverse effects compared to pan-HDAC inhibitors.
HDM2 inhibitor MK-8242: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of human homolog of double minute 2 (HDM2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HDM2 inhibitor MK-8242 inhibits the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the degradation of p53 is inhibited, which may result in the restoration of p53 signaling. This induces p53-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2 is a member of the RING finger-type family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases and targets p53 for degradation; it is often overexpressed in cancer cells and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival.
heat shock factor 1 pathway inhibitor NXP800: An orally bioavailable fluorobisamide and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HSF1 pathway inhibitor NXP800 targets and inhibits the activity of the HSF1-regulated pathway, thereby preventing HSF1-mediated transcription. This inhibits proliferation, migration, survival, and metastasis in susceptible tumor cells, especially in AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A)-mutated cancer cells. HSF1, a stress-inducible transcription factor that plays a key role in the transcriptional activation of the eukaryotic heat shock response; its activation leads to expression of many heat shock proteins (HSPs). Overexpressed, amplified and/or overactivated in many cancer cells, HSF1 activates a set of genes that play a key role in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis.
heat-killed bacterium Mycobacterium obuense IMM-101: A suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium (M.) obuense, a non-pathogenic and naturally-occurring bacterium, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal administration of heat-killed M. obuense IMM-101, the bacteria are able to activate the innate and adaptive immune system. Specifically, IMM-101 activates immature dendritic cells (DCs), which leads to the induction of a type-1 immune response (cDC1). This may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against cancer cells. It also activates macrophages and natural killer cells (NKs), gamma delta T (gdT) cells, and induces a type 1 T helper (Th1) cell immune response against cancer cells.
heat-treated varicella-zoster virus vaccine V212: A heat-treated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon vaccination with heat-treated varicella-zoster virus vaccine V212, this vaccine may activate the immune system to generate specific anti-VZV antibodies and an active immunity against VZV infection.
Hec1/Nek2 inhibitor T-1101 tosylate: The tosylate salt form of T-1101, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of highly expressed in cancer 1 (Hec1) and NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, T-1101 specifically targets, binds to and inhibits the interaction of Hec1 with Nek2. This prevents Hec1/Nek2-mediated signal transduction pathways, inhibits mitosis, induces apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation. Hec1, overexpressed in some cancers, is located at the centromere during cell mitosis and plays an essential role in the pathway of spindle checkpoint. It is correlated with cancer formation, progression, and survival. Phosphorylation of Hec1 by Nek2 kinase is essential for its mitotic function.
Hecoria: (Other name for: tacrolimus)
Hectorol: (Other name for: doxercalciferol)
hedgehog inhibitor NLM-001: A Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, Hh inhibitor NLM-001 targets the Hh pathway and disrupts the tumor microenvironment (TME) by decreasing cancer-associated fibroblasts and promoting immune cell infiltration into the TME. This may increase tumor penetration of chemotherapeutics and may enhance the activity of immunomodulating agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hh signaling overactivation may increase tumor cell proliferation and may lead to tumor immunosuppression and drug resistance.
Helicobacter pylori therapeutic vaccine IMX101: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapeutic vaccine comprised of three components: two antigens, the immunosuppressive antigen, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and an as of yet not disclosed H. pylori outer membrane protein and mucosal adjuvant, which consists of a fusion protein containing two domains, with potential immunostimulating and H. pylori-eradicating activities. Upon administration of the H. pylori therapeutic vaccine IMX101, the GGT antigen, which is an immune evasion factor, elicits a strong B-cell-mediated immune response against the GGT antigen, thereby generating neutralizing antibodies that bind to and inhibit GGT. This inhibits H. pylori's central immune evasion mechanism and enables the immune system to elicit a strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against the second outer membrane protein antigen, thereby killing H. pylori. The third component contains a domain that targets immune cells present near the site of H. pylori infection in the stomach. Once taken up by immune cells, the second domain is able to activate and enhance the immune response against H. pylori antigens. H. pylori infections may lead to gastritis and in some cases gastric cancer. GGT plays a key role in H. pylori's immune evasion mechanisms.
Hemady: (Other name for: dexamethasone)
Hemangeol: (Other name for: propranolol hydrochloride)
Hematide: (Other name for: synthetic peptide-based erythropoiesis stimulating agent)
hematoporphyrin derivative: A complex mixture of monomeric and aggregated porphyrins with photosensitizing activity. Upon systemic administration, hematoporphyrin derivatives accumulate in tumor cells and, once activated by red laser light (630 nm), in the presence of oxygen, produce singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen radicals, resulting in local radical-mediated tumor cell death.
hemiasterlin analogue E7974: An analogue of the sponge-derived anti-microtubule tripeptide hemiasterlin with antimitotic and potential antineoplastic activities. Hemiasterlin analogue E7974 binds to the Vinca domain on tubulin, resulting in inhibition of tubulin polymerization and microtubule assembly; depolymerization of exsiting microtubules; inhibition of mitosis; and inhibition of cellular proliferation. This agent may have more affinity for the beta-3 tubulin isotype.
Hemlibra: (Other name for: emicizumab)
hemoporfin: A light-activated compound, with potential photosensitizing activity upon photodynamic therapy (PDT). Upon administration of hemoporfin and following photoactivation with an appropriate wavelength, hemoporfin generates highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen species, and induces oxidative stress that results in the damage and death of cells.
henatinib maleate: The maleate salt form of henatinib, an orally bioavalable, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. Henatinib inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), a tyrosine kinase receptor upregulated in many tumor cells that plays a key role in angiogenesis. This may result in an inhibition of angiogenesis and eventually tumor cell proliferation. Henatinib, structurally similar to sunitinib, also inhibits, though to a lesser extent, mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (c-Kit) and, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha and beta.
Hep-Lock: (Other name for: heparin sodium)
HepaGam: (Other name for: human hepatitis B virus immune globulin)
heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic nanopolymer mouthwash: A nanopolymer-based mouthwash formulation containing a mimetic of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulfate, with potential anti-mucositic and protective activities. Upon rinsing with the mouthwash, GAGs bind to heparan sulfate binding sites on macromolecules within the extracellular matrix (EMC), which prevents the destruction of the ECM and protects both growth factors and cytokines from being degraded. By replacing the GAGs damaged by chemotherapy and/or radiation, this mouthwash may protect healthy tissue against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation and may prevent against radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced mucositis.
heparin calcium: The calcium salt form of heparin. As a glycosaminoglycan anticoagulant, heparin calcium binds to antithrombin III to form a heparin-antithrombin III complex. The complex binds to and irreversibly inactivates thrombin and other activated clotting factors IX, X, XI, and XII and prevents the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin.
heparin sodium: The sodium salt form of heparin. As a glycosaminoglycan anticoagulant, heparin sodium binds to antithrombin III to form a heparin-antithrombin III complex. The complex binds to and irreversibly inactivates thrombin and other activated clotting factors IX, X, XI, and XII and prevents the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin.
hepatitis A vaccine: An inactivated virus vaccine that provides active immunization against hepatitis A virus (HAV). Immunization with hepatitis A vaccine induces the formation of anti-HAV antibodies which provide protection against hepatitis A infection.
hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant): A non-infectious mixture containing recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in a liquid vehicle. Immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine induces the formation of specific anti-hepatitis B antibodies and an active immunity against hepatitis B infection.
hepatitis B virus antigen peptides/hepatitis G2 cell protein lysate-activated dendritic cells: A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) ex vivo activated with the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA) peptides derived from the patient's tumor and cell lysate proteins harvested from the immortalized human liver cancer cell line HepG2, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the HBV peptides/HepG2 cell protein lysate-activated DCs expose the immune system to the HBV epitopes and an undefined amount of other TAAs from the HepG2 cell lysate, which may result in the induction of a specific anti-tumor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells expressing the HBV/HepG2 TAAs. HBV TAAs are found on HBV-positive cells and on HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC).
hepatitis B virus antisense oligonucleotide AHB-137: An unconjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting human hepatitis B virus (HBV), with potential antiviral activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, HBV ASO AHB-137 targets and binds to HBV messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby inhibiting the translation of HBV viral proteins. This may inhibit HBV replication.
hepatitis C immune globulin intravenous: A human plasma-derived, polyclonal, intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) formulation containing high levels of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, with potential immunomodulating and antiviral activities. The hepatitis C IgG is isolated from donors expressing high amounts of HCV antibodies. Upon intravenous administration, the anti-HCV antibodies bind to the virus and provide passive immunization against HCV. This may prevent both infection by HCV in immunocompromised patients and hepatitis C-related liver disease. The polyclonal anti-HCV antibodies are able to target various viral epitopes.
Hepsera: (Other name for: adefovir dipivoxil)
hepsulfam: A bisulfamic ester which is similar in structure to busulfan and belongs to the family of drugs known as alkylsulfonate alkylating agents. Hepsulfam forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers in DNA, resulting in depurination, base miscoding, strand scission, DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-linking, and cytotoxicity.
Hepzato: (Other name for: melphalan hydrochloride)
HER-2-neu, CEA peptides, GM-CSF, Montanide ISA-51 vaccine: A vaccine comprised of HER-2-neu and carcinoembryonic antigen synthetic (CEA) peptides, combined with the adjuvants granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and Montanide ISA-51 with potential antineoplastic activity. HER-2-neu, CEA peptides, GM-CSF, Montanide ISA-51 vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T-cell response against HER-2-neu- and CEA-expressing tumor cells. The GM-CSF adjuvant stimulates the proliferation of monocytes and monocyte differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells, immunohematopoietic elements with important antitumoral functions. Montanide ISA-51, also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant or IFA, is a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant containing mineral oil with mannide oleate added as a surfactant that non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens.
HER-2-positive B-cell peptide antigen IMU-131: A cancer vaccine consisting of a fusion peptide, composed of three peptides derived from the extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER2 peptide antigen found on B-cells (P4, P6 and P7; P467), conjugated to the carrier protein DT-CRM197, a non-toxic, mutated form of diphtheria toxin (DT), and combined with the immunoadjuvant montanide ISA 51, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, IMU-131 vaccine induces the production of polyclonal antibodies against the HER2 protein. In turn, the antibodies bind to three separate binding sites on HER2 expressed on tumor cells and inhibit HER2 dimerization and activity, resulting in the inhibition of HER2-mediated signal transduction pathways. This induces apoptosis in and reduces cellular proliferation of HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, IMU-131 induces a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the HER2-expressing tumor cells. The tumor-associated antigen (TAA) HER2, also called Neu or ErbB2, is a tyrosine kinase receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and is often overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types. Montanide ISA 51, also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant or IFA, is a stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion adjuvant containing mineral oil with mannide oleate added as a surfactant that non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens. DT-CRM197 is used to increase the immunogenicity of the HER2/neu peptide antigen. In P467, the three B-cell epitopes were combined in a specific order into a single 49 amino acid peptide antigen.
HER-2/neu intracellular domain protein: The cytoplasmic domain or intracellular domain (ICD) of the HER2/neu protein that exhibits tyrosine kinase activity. Based on sensitization theory, co-administration of trastuzumab (anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody) and HER-2/neu intracellular domain protein may result in the potentiation of a HER2/neu-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells overexpressing the HER2/neu protein. HER-2/neu protein, a glycoprotein cell surface receptor that is composed of an extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain, and an ICD, is overexpressed by many adenocarcinomas including breast adenocarcinoma.
HER-2/neu peptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine comprised of peptides derived from the extracellular domain of the tumor-associated antigen Her-2/neu with potential antineoplastic activity. HER-2/neu peptide vaccine may induce antibodies with anti-tumor activity and may also elicit a specific CD8 T-cell response against specific tumor cell types.
HER2 ECD+TM virus-like replicon particles vaccine AVX901: A cancer vaccine based on virus-like replicon particles (VRP) packaged with an alphaviral vector encoding the extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane (TM) regions of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2, NEU or HER2), with potential antineoplastic activity. After immunization with HER2 ECD+TM virus-like replicon particles vaccine AVX901, the VRPs infect cells and express HER2 ECD+TM protein that may activate the immune system to elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against HER2-expressing tumor cells. The alphaviral replicon of this vaccine is an attenuated strain of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in which 3 of the 7 viral genes were substituted with a truncated HER2 gene to create a self-amplifying replicon RNA. HER2, a tyrosine kinase involved in several cell growth signaling pathways, is dysregulated or overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types.
HER2 inhibitor DZD1516: An orally bioavailable, blood brain barrier (BBB) penetrable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor DZD1516 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of HER2. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization.
HER2 inhibitor ELVN-002: An orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor ELVN-002 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of HER2 and various HER2 mutants, including Exon 20 insertion mutations (E20IMs), while not inhibiting wild-type (WT) EGFR. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase often overexpressed and mutated in a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. By sparing WT EGFR, ELVN-002 mostly avoids EGFR-related toxicities.
HER2 inhibitor IAM1363: An orally bioavailable, immediate release (IR) capsule formulation containing a selective and irreversible inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor IAM1363 selectively targets, irreversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of wild-type (WT) and various HER2 mutants. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. IAM1363 is able to penetrate the blood-brain -barrier (BBB) and may be used in HER2-expressing brain tumors and brain metastases. IAM1363 does not inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and avoids off-target EGFR-mediated toxicity.
HER2 inhibitor SPH5030: An orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor SPH5030 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of wild-type and various HER2 mutants. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization.
HER2 inhibitor TAS0728: An orally available covalent inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor TAS0728 specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of HER2. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in HER2- and HER3 (ErbB3)-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated or overexpressed in many tumor cell types, play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. HER3 has no active kinase domain but is activated through heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR receptor family, such as HER2.
HER2 inhibitor ZN-A-1041: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor ZN-A-1041 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of HER2. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization.
HER2 mutant-selective inhibitor NVL-330: An orally bioavailable mutant-selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 mutant-selective inhibitor NVL-330 targets, binds to, and inhibits the activity of HER2 oncogenic alterations, including HER2 exon20 insertion mutations (exon20ins), HER2 activating point mutations, and amplified wild-type HER2. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. NVL-330 is able to penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).
HER2 tri-specific natural killer cell engager DF1001: An engineered molecule based on tri-specific natural killer (NK) cell engager therapies (TriNKET) that is directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2; HER2; ErbB2), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HER2 tri-specific NK cell engager DF1001 targets and binds to HER2 on tumor cells and simultaneously binds to NK cells, thereby bringing HER2-expressing tumor cells and NK cells together, which stimulates the NK cells and results in the selective NK cell-mediated tumor cell lysis of HER2-expressing tumor cells. The binding of HER2-expressing tumor cells and NK cells may also lead to the activation of T cells and B cells, potentiating the immune response against HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutated or overexpressed in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization.
HER2-pulsed type-1 polarized autologous dendritic cell vaccine: A dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous, type-1 polarized dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted HER-2-derived peptides, with potential immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Autologous DCs were treated with GM-CSF, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toll-like receptor type 4 agonist, to produce highly polarized DCs (alphaDC1) that are capable of producing high levels of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). Upon administration, HER2-pulsed autologous DC vaccine may stimulate a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against HER-2-positive tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death and decreased tumor growth. HER-2, a tyrosine kinase receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) (also known as neu and ErbB2), is overexpressed by a variety of cancers.
HER2-targeted DARPin MP0274: A proprietary, designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin)-based agent targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Compared to antibodies, DARPins are small in size, have favorable pharmacokinetics and allow for both high affinity binding and efficacy. Upon administration, the HER2-targeted DARPin MP0274 binds to two distinct non-overlapping epitopes on HER2, thereby inhibiting the activity of HER2 and promoting HER2 internalization. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling, induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. DARPin also binds to human serum albumin, which extends the half-life of MP0274. HER2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types and is associated with increased tumor cell proliferation.
HER2-targeted hypoxia-stimulated CAR T cells: A preparation of T lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a hypoxia-stimulated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HER2-targeted hypoxia-stimulated CAR T cells target and bind to HER2-expressing tumor cells, thereby inducing selective toxicity in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types and is associated with increased tumor cell proliferation. Hypoxia-stimulated CAR may improve the expansion and survival of the CAR T cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME).
HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride HF158K1: An antibody liposomal formulation containing the hydrochloride (HCl) salt form of the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin encapsulated within liposomes which contains TL01, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed trastuzumab Fab fragment conjugated lipid, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin HCl HF158K1, the immunoliposome targets and binds to HER2-expressing tumor cells, thereby allowing for specific delivery of doxorubicin to tumors overexpressing the HER2 receptor. Once inside the HER2-expressing tumor cells, doxorubicin intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. Compared to doxorubicin alone or liposomal doxorubicin, targeted liposomal delivery of doxorubicin improves efficacy while lowering the toxicity profile. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in many cancer cell types.
HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride MM-302: An antibody-targeted lipidic nano-carrier containing the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin encapsulated within liposomes, and conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with potential antitumor activity. Upon administration of HER2-targeted liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride MM-302, the immunoliposome allows for specific delivery of doxorubicin to tumors overexpressing the HER2 receptor. Once inside the HER2-expressing tumor cells, doxorubicin intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. Compared to doxorubicin alone or liposomal doxorubicin, targeted liposomal delivery of doxorubicin improves efficacy while lowering the toxicity profile. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in many cancer cell types.
HER2-targeting antibody Fc fragment FS102: A proprietary, antibody fragment composed of a constant (Fc) region that is engineered to bind to the tumor-associated antigen human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), with potential antineoplastic activity. HER2-targeted antibody Fc fragment FS102 specifically binds to its HER2 epitope, and causes downregulation of HER2-mediated signaling. This leads to tumor cell apoptosis. HER2, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) superfamily, is overexpressed on the cell surface of various solid tumors.
HER2/neu peptide vaccine GLSI-100: A cancer peptide vaccine comprised of the epitope GP2, a nine amino acid peptide (amino acids 654-662) derived from the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) HER2/neu (ErbB-2) and the immune-adjuvant granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal administration of the HER2/neu peptide vaccine GLSI-100, GP2 may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells expressing the HER2/neu antigen, which may result in the inhibition of proliferation of HER2/neu-expressing tumor cells. HER2/neu, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in various tumor cell types. GM-CSF enhances the CTL-mediated immune response against HER2/neu.
HER2Bi-armed activated T cells: Activated T cells (ATC) that have been coated with bispecific antibodies (BiAb), with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. In vitro, T cells are activated through exposure to the anti-CD3 murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 and interleukin 2 for 14 days and then armed with anti-CD3 × anti-Her2 bispecific antibody (Her2Bi). Upon administration, HER2Bi-armed activated T cells attach to CD3-expressing T cells and HER2/neu-expressing tumor cells, selectively cross-linking T cells and tumor cells; this may result in the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), CTL perforin-mediated tumor cell cytolysis, and the secretion of antitumor cytokines and chemokines.
herb: A non-woody, seed-bearing plant, or its parts, used for its medicinal, savory, or aromatic qualities.
herba scutellaria barbata: A Chinese herb isolated from the plant Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) with potential antineoplastic activity. Containing the antioxidant flavone scutellarin, herba Scutellaria barbata has been shown to induce apoptosis of ovarian and breast tumor cells in vitro.
herbal polysaccharide saliva substitute: A plant-based, proprietary formulation of saliva substitute with potential anti-xerostomia activity. Extracted from the plant called yerba santa (holy herb), herbal polysaccharide saliva substitute contains plant mucins, which is nearly identical to that of human mucous membranes. Upon direct application using the polysaccharide-containing spray, a protective film of moisture is deposited over the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. The xylitol in this preparation protects against the formation of harmful oral flora and thus helps to prevent cavities. Moreover, this agent has shown a demineralization effect on dentin.
Herceptin: (Other name for: trastuzumab)
Herceptin Hylecta: (Other name for: trastuzumab and hyaluronidase-oysk)
Hercessi: (Other name for: trastuzumab)
Herplex: (Other name for: idoxuridine)
Herzuma: (Other name for: trastuzumab)
hetastarch: A synthetic, nonionic hydroxyethyl derivative of starch used as a plasma expander when prepared in an isotonic solution. Upon intravenous administration, hydroxyethyl starch colloid increases blood volume and thus improves circulation. This agent is almost exclusively excreted by the kidneys and is potentially nephrotoxic.
heterodimeric interleukin-15: A fusion protein complex composed of heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15), which consists of a synthetic form of the endogenous cytokine interleukin-15 chain (IL-15) complexed to the soluble IL-15 binding protein IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL-15Ra) (IL15:sIL-15Ra), with potential immunomodulatory, anti-infective and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hetIL-15 binds to the IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta-common gamma chain (IL-2Rbeta-gamma) receptor on natural killer (NK) and T-lymphocytes, which activates and increases the levels of NK cells and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The T cells enhance the secretion of the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-g), which further potentiates the immune response against tumor cells. Altogether, this enhances tumor cell killing and decreases tumor cell proliferation. By coupling IL-15 to IL15Ra, this agent has an improved pharmacokinetic profile, shows an increased ability to bind IL-2Rbeta-gamma, and shows increased immunostimulatory activity as compared to IL-15 alone.
hetrombopag olamine: The orally active ethanolamine salt of hetrombopag, a small-molecule, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R or CD110) agonist, with megakaryopoiesis-stimulating activity. Upon oral administration, hetrombopag targets, binds to and stimulates the transmembrane domain of the platelet TPO-R, a member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Activation of TPO-R leads to the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the megakaryocytic lineage and an increase in platelet production. This may prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Hexa-Betalin: (Other name for: pyridoxine hydrochloride)
Hexadrol: (Other name for: dexamethasone)
Hexalen: (Other name for: Altretamine)
hexamethylene bisacetamide: A hybrid polar-planar compound with potential antineoplastic activity that induces terminal differentiation, inhibits cell growth, and causes apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. Its precise mechanism of action is unknown.
hexaminolevulinate: The hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) with photodynamic properties. As a precursor of photoactive porphorins, hexaminolevulinate induces the endogenous production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) which accumulates selectively in tumor tissue. When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, PPIX is activated and, depending on the wavelength and/or intensity of light, either fluoresces, thereby allowing tumor imaging, or induces tumor cell apoptosis.
hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride: The hydrochloride salt form of hexaminolevulinate, a hexyl ester of the heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) with potential photosensitizing activity. Hexaminolevulinate serves as a precursor of photoactive porphyrins (PAPs), particularly protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which selectively accumulate in rapidly proliferating cells, such as those seen in tumor tissue. When exposed to blue light, PAPs are activated and emit red light thereby allowing tumor imaging.
Hextend: (Other name for: hetastarch)
HI-MAIZE 260: (Other name for: high-amylose resistant starch)
HibTITER: (Other name for: Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine)
HICON: (Other name for: sodium iodide I-131)
HIF-1alpha inhibitor PX-478: An orally active small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Although its mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, HIF1-alpha inhibitor PX-478 appears to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) expression, which may result in decreased expression of HIF1A downstream target genes important to tumor growth and survival, a reduction in tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of this agent is independent of the tumor suppressor genes VHL and p53 and may be related to derangements in glucose uptake and metabolism due to inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1).
HIF-2alpha inhibitor AB521: An orally bioavailable allosteric inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HIF-2alpha inhibitor AB521 targets and allosterically binds to a hydrophobic pocket on HIF-2alpha leading to a confirmational change that prevents HIF-2alpha heterodimerization with HIF-1beta and binding to the hypoxia response element (HRE) binding site on DNA. This results in decreased transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha downstream target genes, many of which regulate tumor cell growth and survival. Blocking HIF-2alpha reduces the proliferation of HIF-2alpha-expressing tumor cells. HIF-2alpha, a heterodimeric transcription factor overexpressed under hypoxic conditions in many cancer cell types, promotes proliferation, progression and metastasis of tumors.
HIF-2alpha inhibitor HS-10516: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HIF-2alpha inhibitor HS-10516 targets and binds to HIF-2alpha, thereby preventing HIF-2alpha heterodimerization and its subsequent binding to DNA. This results in decreased transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha downstream target genes, many of which regulate tumor cell growth and survival. Blocking HIF-2alpha reduces the proliferation of HIF-2alpha-expressing tumor cells. HIF-2alpha, a heterodimeric transcription factor overexpressed in many cancer cell types, promotes proliferation, progression and metastasis of tumors.
HIF-2alpha inhibitor PT2385: An orally active, small molecule inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HIF-2alpha inhibitor PT2385 allosterically binds to HIF-2alpha, thereby preventing HIF-2alpha heterodimerization and its subsequent binding to DNA. This results in decreased transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha downstream target genes, many of which regulate tumor cell growth and survival. Blocking HIF-2alpha reduces the proliferation of HIF-2alpha-expressing tumor cells. HIF-2alpha, a heterodimeric transcription factor overexpressed in many cancers, promotes tumorigenesis.
HIF2-alpha inhibitor NKT2152: An orally available inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HIF-2alpha inhibitor NKT2152 targets and binds to HIF-2alpha, thereby preventing HIF-2alpha heterodimerization and its subsequent binding to DNA. This results in decreased transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha downstream target genes, many of which regulate tumor cell growth and survival. Blocking HIF-2alpha reduces the proliferation of HIF-2alpha-expressing tumor cells. HIF-2alpha, a heterodimeric transcription factor overexpressed in many cancer cell types, promotes proliferation, progression and metastasis of tumors.
HIF2a RNAi ARO-HIF2: An RNA interference (RNAi) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2a), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of HIF2a RNAi ARO-HIF2, the agent binds to and neutralizes mRNA HIF2a, thereby preventing the production of HIF2a. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. HIF2a, overexpressed in certain cell types, plays a key role in proliferation, progression and metastasis of tumors.
HIF2alpha inhibitor DFF332: An inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, HIF-2alpha inhibitor DFF332 targets and binds to HIF-2alpha, thereby preventing HIF-2alpha heterodimerization and its subsequent binding to DNA. This results in decreased transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha downstream target genes, many of which regulate tumor cell growth and survival. Blocking HIF-2alpha reduces the proliferation of HIF-2alpha-expressing tumor cells. HIF-2alpha, a heterodimeric transcription factor overexpressed in many cancer cell types, promotes proliferation, progression and metastasis of tumors.
high-amylose resistant starch: A resistant starch-based dietary fiber supplement derived from a variety of high-amylose corn rich in non-digestible starch, with prebiotic, immunomodulatory and digestive modulating activities. Upon oral administration of the high-amylose resistant starch, the dietary fiber resists degradation by gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes in the small intestine, and the fiber is not metabolized or absorbed and enters the colon unaltered. Once in the colon, the starch is fermented by anaerobic colonic bacteria and produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate, which has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This starch may have beneficial effects on the gut microbiome, may improve bowel function, and may improve blood lipid profile.
high-selenium baker's yeast: A baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) containing high levels of the trace element selenium (Se) with potential chemopreventive, immunomodulating and antioxidant activities. Selenium is introduced into yeast during fermentation and incorporated into selenocompounds, such as selenomethionine and glutamyl SE methylselenocysteine. Selenium functions as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase.
high-selenium Brassica juncea: A formulation of the mustard plant Brassica juncea grown in a medium that has been enriched with the trace element selenium with potential chemopreventive and chemopotentiating activities. Brassica juncea hyperaccumulates trace elements in soil. Selenium amino acid species found in selenized Brassica juncea include methylselenomethionine (MeSeMet) and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys); both may be incorporated into selenoproteins in vivo. Selenium functions as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase, which protect cells from the free radical damage. In addition, in vitro MeSeCys has been shown to potentiate the antitumor effects of the irinotecan metabolite SN-38, by inducing phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) at threonine 68, which results in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, caspase 3 activation, and DNA fragmentation.
high-titer RSV immune globulin RI-001: A plasma-derived, polyclonal, intravenous immunoglobulin formulation (IVIG) containing standardized high levels of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a single-stranded, enveloped paramyxovirus, with potential immunomodulating activity. The high-titer RSV immune globulin RI-001 is derived from healthy donors with high amounts of RSV antibodies. Upon intravenous administration, the antibodies against RSV may provide passive immunization against RSV. This may prevent lower respiratory tract infections by RSV in immunocompromised patients. The polyclonal antibodies in RI-001 are able to target various viral epitopes.
Hiltonol: (Other name for: poly ICLC)
histamine dihydrochloride: The hydrochloride salt form of histamine, with potential immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, histamine targets, binds to and activates histamine receptors. Depending on the amount of histamine administered and the type of receptor that is activated, histamine may exert a wide variety of activities. These can range from pro-tumorigenic to anti-tumor effects and may modulate the immune system to exert anti-tumor immune effects or may contribute to an inflammatory response.
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor GSK2816126: A small molecule selective and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) competitive inhibitor of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor GSK2816126 inhibits the activity of EZH2 and specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress this enzyme. EZH2, which belongs to the class of histone methyltransferases (HMTs), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation.
histrelin acetate: The acetate salt form of histrelin, a long-acting, synthetic nonapeptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with potential anti-tumor activity. Upon administration, histrelin binds to and activates GnRH receptors; prolonged administration results in pituitary GnRH receptor desensitization and inhibition of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, leading to a significant decline in testosterone production in males and may inhibit androgen receptor-positive tumor progression; in females, prolonged administration results in decreased estradiol production.
Hivid: (Other name for: zalcitabine)
Hizentra: (Other name for: human immunoglobulin G)
HLA-A*0201-restricted TERT(572Y)/TERT(572) peptides vaccine Vx-001: A peptide-based cancer vaccine consisting of two human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201 restricted 9-mer epitopes derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), TERT 572Y (YLFFYRKSV; TYR-Vx001) and TERT 572 (RLFFYRKSV; ARG-Vx001), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Subcutaneous injection of TERT(572Y) peptide followed by subcutaneous administration of the TERT(572) peptide may elicit a specific and possibly optimal cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against hTERT-expressing tumor cells. hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, is a human leukocyte antigen-A*0201-restricted cryptic epitope of telomerase. TERT is expressed in the majority of human cancer cells, is not expressed or is expressed at very low levels in normal cells and plays a key role in tumorigenesis. TERT572Y is the optimized variant of the native cryptic peptide TERT572 in which tyrosine has been substituted for an arginine at position 1; TERT572Y shows increased HLA-A*0201 binding affinity compared to TERT572.
HLA-A*0201-restricted TRP2-gp100-EphA2-HER2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing four HLA-A*0201-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Vaccine peptide epitopes are derived from the tumor associated antigens (TAAs) tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), glycoprotein 100 (gp100), Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Upon administration, HLA-A*0201-restricted TRp2-gp100-EphA2-HER2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against TRP2-gp100-EphA2-HER2-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. HLA-A*0201 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*0201 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*0201-restricted URLC10-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing three HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activities. Vaccine peptide epitopes are derived from the tumor associated antigen (TAA) URLC (up-regulated in lung cancer 10) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2. Upon administration, HLA-A*0201-restricted URLC10-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against URLC10-expressing tumor cells and the tumor microvasculature expressing VEGFR 1 and 2 peptides; this may result in tumor cell lysis, the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*0201 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*0201 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*0201-restricted VEGFR1 peptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing an HLA-A*0201-restricted vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) peptide (sequence: TLFWLLLTL) with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Upon administration, HLA-A*0201-restricted VEGFR1-derived peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing VEGFR1, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*0201 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*0201 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*0201-restricted VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing two HLA-A*0201-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from: vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2. Upon administration, HLA-A*0201-restricted VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing VEGFR 1 and 2 peptides, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*0201 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*0201 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted CDCA1-A24-56 peptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing the HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitope derived from cell division associated gene 1 (CDCA1), with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted CDCA1-A24-56 peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against CDCA1-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted CDCA1-KIF20A multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing two HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes derived from cancer-testis antigens with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. The peptide epitopes are derived from cell division associated 1 (CDCA1) and kinesin-like family member 20A (KIF20A). Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted CDCA1-KIF20A multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against CDCA1- and KIF20A-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted KOC1-TTK-CO16-DEPDC1-MPHOSPH1 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing five HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from IGF II mRNA binding protein 3 (KOC1); TTK protein kinase (TTK); URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10); DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1); and M phase phosphoprotein 1 (MPHOSPH1). Upon administration, HLA-A*2404-restricted KOC1-TTK-CO16-DEPDC1-MPHOSPH1 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing KOC1, TTK, CO16, DEPDC1 and MPHOSPH1 peptides, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted multipeptide vaccine S-488410: A cancer vaccine composed of HLA-*2402-restricted epitopic peptides derived from three cancer/testis (CT) antigens, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted multipeptide vaccine S-488410 may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing these CT antigens. CT antigens, normally expressed only in germ cells of the testis, are overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10 peptides vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing HLA-A*2402-restricted epitope peptides URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10) with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10 peptides vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against URLC10-expressing tumor cells. URLC10, a tumor associated antigen, is often overexpressed in lung, esophageal and gastric cancers. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-CDCA1-KIF20A multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing three HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes derived from cancer-testis antigens with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. The peptide epitopes are derived from up-regulated lung cancer 10 (URLC10); cell division cycle associated 1 (CDCA1); and kinesin-like family member 20A (KIF20A). Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-CDCA1-KIF20A multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against URL10-, CDCA1-, and KIF20A-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-CDCA1-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing four HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. The peptide epitopes are derived from URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10); CDCA1 (cell division associated 1); and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1 and 2. Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-CDCA1-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against URL10-, CDCA1-, VEGFR1- and VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-KOC1-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing four HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10 or CO16); KOC1 (IGF II mRNA Binding Protein 3); and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1 and 2. Upon administration, this multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against URL10-, KOC1-, VEGFR1- and VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-TTK-KOC1 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing three HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10); TTK (TTK protein kinase); and KOC1 (IGF II mRNA Binding Protein 3). Upon administration, URLC10-TTK-KOC1 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing URLC10, TTK and KOC1 peptides, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted URLC10-TTK-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vacine containing four HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from: URLC10 (up-regulated lung cancer 10), TTK (TTK protein kinase), and VEGFRs (vascular endothelial growth factor receptors) 1 and 2. Upon administration, URLC10-TTK-KOC1-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing URLC10, TTK, VEGFR 1 and 2 peptides, resulting in cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted VEGFR1 peptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing the HLA-A*2402-restricted vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) peptide epitope with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Upon administration, HLA-A*2402-restricted VEGFR1 peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing VEGFR 1 peptide, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2402-restricted VEGFR1/2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing two HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1 and 2. Upon administration, this peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against VEGFR1- and VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A*2404-restricted RNF43-TOMM34-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing four HLA-A*2402-restricted peptide epitopes with potential immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Peptide epitopes in this vaccine are derived from ring finger protein 43 (RNF43); translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34 (TOMM34); and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2. Upon administration, HLA-A*2404-restricted RNF43-TOMM34-VEGFR1-VEGFR2 multipeptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing RNF43, TOMM34, and VEGFR 1 and 2 peptides, resulting in tumor cell lysis and decreased tumor growth. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A1, A2, B35-restricted survivin peptides/Montanide ISA-51 vaccine: A peptide vaccine comprised of synthetic HLA-A1, -A2 and -B35 restricted survivin epitopes combined with the adjuvant Montanide ISA-51 with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, HLA-A1, A2, B35-restricted survivin peptides/Montanide ISA-51 vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells that overexpress survivin, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Montanide ISA-51, also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant or IFA, is a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant containing mineral oil with mannide oleate added as a surfactant that non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens.
HLA-A1-binding MAGE-1/MAGE-3 multipeptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine: A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A1-binding melanoma-associated antigen peptides MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activity. Upon vaccination, HLA-A1-binding MAGE-1/MAGE-3 multipeptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount an anti-tumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses against MAGE1- and MAGE-3-expressing cancer cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HLA-A1 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A1 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A2, A3-restricted FGF-5 peptides/Montanide ISA-51 vaccine: A peptide vaccine comprised of synthetic HLA-A2- and HLA-A3-binding peptides, derived from amino acid sequences of fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5), combined with the adjuvant Montanide ISA-51 with potential antineoplastic activity. HLA-A2, A3-restricted FGF-5 peptides contain motifs recognized by the MHC class I molecules HLA-A2 and HLA-A3 and may stimulate a cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells that overexpress FGF-5. Montanide ISA-51 (also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant or IFA), a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant containing mineral oil with mannide oleate added as a surfactant, non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens.
HLA-A2-binding TYR/MART-1/gp100 multipeptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine: A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted melanoma-associated antigen peptides tyrosinase (TYR), MART-1(melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells) and melanoma antigen glycoprotein 100 (gp100), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activity. Upon vaccination, HLA-A2-binding TYR/MART-1/gp100 multipeptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount an anti-tumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses against Tyr-, MART-1 and gp100-expressing cancer cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HLA-A2 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A2 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-A2-restricted melanoma-specific peptides vaccine GRN-1201: A cancer peptide vaccine composed of four human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 (HLA-A*02)-restricted peptides derived from four specific and separate tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) expressed by melanoma cells, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the HLA-A2-restricted melanoma-specific peptides vaccine, the melanoma specific antigens in the vaccine activate the immune system to exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the HLA-A2-positive melanoma cells.
HLA-A2-restricted synthetic glioma antigen peptides vaccine: A synthetic peptide cancer vaccine consisting of HLA-A2-restricted peptides derived from glioma-associated antigens (GAA) with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HLA-A2-restricted synthetic glioma antigen peptides vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing the corresponding GAAs, resulting in glioma tumor cell lysis. HLA-A2 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A2 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.
HLA-DP0401/0402-restricted, MAGE-A3-reactive T cell receptor-transduced autologous T cells: Human autologous T-lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP0401/0402-restricted, melanoma antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), with potential antineoplastic activity. CD4-positive cells are isolated from a patient, transduced with an anti-MAGE-A3-DP0401/0402 restricted TCR, expanded ex vivo, and reintroduced into the HLA-DP0401/0402 positive patient. Then, the HLA-DP0401/0402-restricted, MAGE-A3-reactive TCR-transduced autologous T cells bind to tumor cells expressing the MAGE-A3 antigen, which may result in both an inhibition of growth and increased cell death for MAGE-A3-expressing cancer cells. The tumor-associated antigen MAGE-A3 is overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types.
HM2/MMAE antibody-drug conjugate ALT-P7: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the trastuzumab biobetter HM2 conjugated, in a site-specific manner, to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and potent microtubule disrupting agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of ALT-P7, the antibody moiety targets and binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on tumor cells. Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, the MMAE moiety is released, binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is overexpressed by many cancer cell types.
HMGB1 inhibitor SB17170: An orally bioavailable prodrug of SB1703, a small molecule inhibitor of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, SB17170 is converted to its active metabolite SB1703. SB1703 targets, binds to, and inhibits the activity of HMGB1. This inhibits HMGB1-mediated activation of immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby halting MDSC-mediated immunosuppression and enhancing T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. HMGB1, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that acts as an immunomodulator, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis.
HO/02/02: A topical formulation that can be used to relieve radiation dermatitis.
Hodgkin's antigens-GM-CSF-expressing cell vaccine: An allogeneic vaccine consisting of Hodgkin lymphoma cells transfected with the granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon vaccination, Hodgkin antigens-GM-CSF-expressing cell vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response against Hodgkin lymphoma-associated antigens, which may result in the lysis of tumor cells expressing these antigens. In addition, transfected Hodgkin lymphopma cells secrete GM-CSF, which may potentiate the CTL response against Hodgkin lymphoma-associated antigens.
holmium Ho 166 poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres: Holmium Ho166 containing poly l-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres with potential antineoplastic actvity. Upon intra-arterial hepatic administration of holmium 166 microspheres, this agent is able to emit both beta particles direct killing cells and gamma photons for nuclear imaging. In addition, since holmium 166 is paramagnetic, this agent can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
honey: A sweet and viscous fluid produced by honey bees from flower nectar and other plant fluids.
honey-based nutritional supplement: A nutritional supplement composed of bee-honey, produced in a special process using bees which are fed a unique mixture of medicinal herbs, that could potentially be used to prevent neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Upon oral administration, the honey-based nutritional supplement may prevent myelotoxicity in patients affected by solid neoplasm undergoing antiblastic chemotherapy treatment.
honey-containing mouthwash: A mouthwash containing honey with potential antimucositis activity. Upon rinsing with this mouthwash, honey modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which may kill bacteria thus potentially preventing inflammation of the mucosal membranes and may decrease chemotherapy- and/or radiation-induced oral mucositis. In addition, honey may have a protective and healing effect on the oral mucosa.
horse anti-thymocyte globulin: A purified, concentrated and sterile solution of horse-derived gamma globulin obtained by the immunization of horses with human T lymphocytes, with T-cell depleting and immunosuppressive activities. Upon administration, horse anti-thymocyte globulin (hATG) specifically recognizes, modulates and destroys T lymphocytes. Although the exact mechanism of action by which hATG causes immunosuppression is not completely understood, it is likely caused by a combination of T-lymphocyte depletion, reduction in T-cell activation and modulation of their cytotoxic activities. Administering of hATG prior to transplantation may reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
host dendritic cell vaccine-001 MSSM/BIIR: A dendritic cell (DC) vaccine containing ex vivo expanded autologous DCs obtained from a patient with leukemia with potential immunostimulating activity. Upon reintroduction into the host, the host dendritic cell vaccine-001 MSSM/BIIR may stimulate the immune system to mount a leukemia-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response.
Hou Gu Mi Xi: An orally bioavailable dietary supplement and a formulation derived from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, that can potentially be used to ameliorate spleen deficiency and improve symptoms of digestive disorders. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San is composed of ginseng, tuckahoe, atractylodes, baked licorice, coixenolide, Chinese yam, lotus seed, shrinkage fructus amomi, platycodon grandiflorum, white hyacinth bean, and dried orange peel. In Hou Gu Mi Xi, atractylodes and platycodon grandiflorum are removed from Shen Ling Bai Zhu San and perilla leaf is added. Upon oral administration, Hou Gu Mi Xi replenishes qi, and may improve spleen qi deficiency, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and GI function.
Hpk1 inhibitor BB3008: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor BB3008 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
HPK1 inhibitor BGB-15025: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor BGB-15025 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
Hpk1 Inhibitor BGB-26808: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor BGB-26808 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
Hpk1 inhibitor CFI-402411: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor CFI-402411 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and inhibits the proliferation of Hpk1-expressing tumor cells. In addition, CFI-402411 prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1 is expressed in hematopoietic cells and a negative regulator of TCR and T- and B-cell activation.
Hpk1 inhibitor FB849: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor FB849 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
HPK1 inhibitor GRC 54276: An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor GRC 54276 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
Hpk1 inhibitor PF-07265028: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor PF-07265028 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T-cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
Hpk1 inhibitor PRJ1-3024: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine enzyme hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (Hpk1; Hpk-1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1; MAP4K1; MEKKK1), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, Hpk1 inhibitor PRJ1-3024 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Hpk1. This inhibits Hpk1-mediated signaling pathways and prevents Hpk1-mediated immunosuppression by preventing the inhibition of T cell receptors (TCR) signaling and effector T cells, disrupting abnormal cytokine expression, and abrogating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This may activate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Hpk1, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a negative regulator of TCR signaling and T- and B-cell activation.
HPPH: A lipophilic, second-generation, chlorin-based photosensitizer. Upon intravenous administration, HPPH selectively accumulates in the cytoplasm of cancer or pre-cancerous cells. When laser light is applied, a photodynamic reaction between HPPH and oxygen occurs, resulting in the production of cytotoxic free radicals and singlet oxygen and free radical-mediated cell death. Compared to the first-generation photosensitizer porfimer sodium, HPPH shows improved pharmacokinetic properties and causes only mild skin photosensitivity which declines rapidly within a few days after administration.
HPV 16 E6 peptides vaccine/candida albicans extract: A human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 vaccine containing four E6 peptides in combination with the extract of Candida albicans, with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon administration of HPV-16 E6 peptides vaccine/Candida albicans extract, the four HPV-16 E6 peptides and the candida albicans may activate the immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cells expressing the E6 oncoprotein, resulting in tumor cell lysis. The HPV 16 transforming protein E6 is expressed in precancerous and malignant cervical lesions. Candida albicans allergenic extract may be used as a recall antigen to stimulate the immune system against HPV.
HPV 16 E6/E7-encoding arenavirus vaccine HB-202: A cancer vaccine consisting of replication-attenuated arenavirus encoding the inactivated fusion protein of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 derived from the human papillomavirus (HPV) serotype 16, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HPV 16 E6/E7-encoding arenavirus vaccine HB-202 induces expression of the E6/E7 proteins and stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing HPV16 E6 and E7, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a key role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma.
HPV 16 E7 antigen-expressing Lactobacillis casei vaccine BLS-ILB-E710c: An orally available Lactobacillis casei (L. casei)-based vaccine expressing the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 isoform E7 protein linked to the poly-gamma-glutamate synthetase complex gene PgsA, with potential immunostimulating activity. Upon oral administration, the expressed HPV 16 E7 may stimulate the immune system to mount a mucosal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against HPV 16 E7-expressing tumor cells. The poly-glutamic acid synthetase PgsA from Bacillus subtilis acts as an anchoring motif that facilitates the expression of the HPV antigen protein on the surface of the bacteria. HPV 16 E7, a cell surface glycoprotein and tumor associated antigen, is overexpressed in various viral-related cancers.
HPV 16 E7:86-93 peptide vaccine: A synthetic peptide vaccine consisting of amino acids 86 through 93 (TLGIVCPI) of the viral oncoprotein human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7. Vaccination with HPV-16 E7:86-93 peptide, which binds to HLA-A* 0201 molecule, may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells positive for HPV-16 E7.
HPV 16/18 E6/E7 DNA vaccine pBI-11: A therapeutic codon-optimized DNA vaccine encoding for the E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the HPV 16/18 E6/E7 DNA vaccine pBI-11 expresses the HPV 16/18 E6/E7 fusion protein which may elicit a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells expressing the HPV 16/18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HPV type 16 and 18 are the most common HPV types involved in cervical carcinogenesis. Codon optimization of the HPV16/18 E6/E7 genes in pBI-11 improves fusion protein expression.
HPV 16/18 E6/E7-encoding lentiviral vector-based vaccine Lenti-HPV-07: A cancer vaccine consisting of a non-integrative lentiviral vector encoding the detoxified forms of the human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18 viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HPV 16/18 E6/E7-encoding lentiviral vector-based vaccine Lenti-HPV-07 may elicit a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells expressing the HPV 16/18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HPV infections and HPV oncoproteins play a key role in the development of cervical and other cancers, including oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers.
HPV 16/18 E6/E7/HSP70 plasmid DNA prime vaccine pBI-11/HPV 16/18 E6/E7 Vaccinia boost vaccine TA-HPV PVX7: A therapeutic prime/boost cancer vaccine consisting of PVX7, which is a combination of two vaccines: the pBI-11 prime vaccine, a therapeutic codon-optimized plasmid DNA vaccine encoding for the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of the human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 (HPV16) and 18 (HPV18) fused with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and the HPV tumor antigen (TA-HPV) boost vaccine, a recombinant vaccinia viral vector-based vaccine encoding epitopes of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from HPV16 and HPV18, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. The pBI-11 DNA prime vaccine is administered first followed by the TA-HPV boost vaccine. Upon administration, the HPV 16/18 E6/E7/HSP70 DNA vaccine pBI-11 part of PVX7 expresses the HPV 16/18 E6/E7 fusion protein, which may elicit the host immune system to mount a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells expressing the HPV 16/18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Upon administration of the TA-HPV vaccinia vaccine part of PVX7, the HPV16 E6/E7 and the HPV18 E6/E7 may boost the host immune system to mount a specific CTL response against cancer cells expressing the HPV 16/18 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, thereby further killing these cancer cells. HSP70 enhances antigen presentation of pBI-11.
HPV E1/E2 interaction inhibitor gel AP611074: A topical gel composed of a human papillomavirus (HPV) E1/E2 protein:protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with potential antiviral activity. Upon topical application of AP611074, this agent prevents binding of the HPV viral proteins E1 to E2, thereby preventing viral DNA replication and growth of HPV. This inhibits viral proliferation and may prevent the formation of anogenital warts caused by HPV. The HPV proteins E1 and E2 are essential for HPV viral replication.
HPV E6/E7 DNA vaccine GX-188E: A therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding the E6/E7 fusion protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18, plus the immune-enhancer, Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FLT3L), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. DNA vaccine GX-188E is administered using a proprietary delivery system that electroporates the vaccine into cervical cells. Expression of the E6/E7 fusion product may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against cervical cancer cells expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. FLT3L is a ligand for the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor, which upon activation stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. HPV types 16 and 18 are the most common HPV types involved in cervical carcinogenesis.
HPV E6/E7-encoding arenavirus vaccine HB-201: A cancer vaccine consisting of a replication-attenuated arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) encoding the inactivated fusion protein of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 derived from the human papillomavirus (HPV) serotype 16, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HPV E6/E7-encoding arenavirus vaccine HB-201 induces expression of the E6/E7 proteins and stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing HPV16 E6 and E7, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a key role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma.
HPV E6/E7-encoding Semliki Forest virus vaccine Vvax001: A vaccine consisting of a recombinant, attenuated, replication-incompetent form of the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) vector encoding the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 derived from the human papillomavirus (HPV), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intramuscular administration, HPV E6/E7-encoding SFV vaccine Vvax001 induces expression of the E6/E7 proteins and stimulates both the innate and the adaptive immune system, resulting in a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against and lysis of tumor cells expressing HPV E6 and E7. Oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a key role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma.
HPV L1 virus-like particles vaccine NBP615: A human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine composed of purified virus-like particles (VLPs) comprised of major capsid (L1) proteins from HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16 and 18, that can potentially be used for active immunization against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Upon intramuscular (IM) administration, the HPV L1 VLPs vaccine NBP615 activates the immune system to produce antibodies against the HPV subtypes. This protects against HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.
HPV L1 VLP vaccine V504: A vaccine formulation consisting of several types of human papillomavirus (HPV)-derived noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) with potential immunoprophylactic activity. Upon administration, HPV L1 VLP vaccine V504 may generate humoral immunity against various HPV L1 major capsid proteins, thereby preventing cervical infection upon exposure to the associated HPV types. VLPs are composed of self-assembling L1 major capsid proteins or functional L1 major capsid protein derivatives.
HPV types 16/18 E6/E7-adenoviral transduced autologous lymphocytes/alpha-galactosylceramide vaccine BVAC-C: An immunotherapeutic vaccine composed of the immunoadjuvant alpha-galactosylceramide (a-GC) and autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs), specifically B lymphocytes and monocytes transfected with an adenoviral vector that expresses the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) E6 and E7 derived from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 (HPV-16/18 E6/E7), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of BVAC-C, the APCs stimulate the immune system to mount a TAA-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response, as well as natural killer (NK) cell, NK T-cell (NKT), helper T-cell and antibody-mediated immune responses, against the tumor cells. This directly or indirectly kills the TAA-expressing tumor cells. HPV-16/18 E6/E7 are overexpressed on certain tumor cell types and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation. a-GC, an NKT cell ligand, is used to specifically stimulate NKT cells and to further stimulate an anti-tumor immune response.
HPV-16 E7 TCR expressing T cells: A preparation of allogeneic, genetically engineered T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector MSGV1 that encodes a T-cell receptor (TCR) targeting a specific epitope of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 oncoprotein E7 (HPV-16 E7 TCR), with potential antineoplastic activity. The TCR especially recognizes and binds with high affinity to the HPV 16 E7 11-19 epitope. Upon administration, HPV-16 E7 expressing T cells target and bind to tumor cells expressing the HPV-16 E7 antigen leading to selective cytotoxicity in HLA-A2-positive, HPV-16 E7-expressing tumor cells. HPV16 E7, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types while not expressed in normal, healthy cells, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation. E7 11-19 is a naturally processed epitope of HPV-16 E7 that binds specifically to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01 and that has been isolated from the surface of HPV-16 positive, HLA-A*02:01-positive tumor cells.
HPV-6-targeting immunotherapeutic vaccine INO-3106: A DNA vaccine consisting of plasmids encoding the E6 and E7 genes of human papilloma virus subtype 6 (HPV-6), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Administered via intramuscular electroporation, HPV-6-targeting immunotherapeutic vaccine INO-3106 expresses the HPV-6 E6 and E7 proteins, which may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that are expressing those proteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HPV-6 infections are associated with aerodigestive malignancies.
HPV16 E6/7 mRNA vaccine BNT113: A RNA-lipoplex (RNA-LIP)-based cancer vaccine containing messenger RNA (RNA) encoding for the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) oncoproteins E6 and E7, encapsulated in liposomes, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration of the HPV16 E6/7 mRNA vaccine BNT113, the liposomes protect the RNA from degradation in the bloodstream, travel to the spleen and are taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs). The RNA is translocated to the cytoplasm and translated into the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. The expressed proteins are processed and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide complexes are presented to the immune system. This results in the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses against HPV16 E6 and E7. The viral neoantigens HPV16 E6 and E7 are found in HPV16-positive cancers.
HPV16 E7-specific HLA-A*02:01-restricted IgG1-Fc fusion protein CUE-101: A fusion protein composed of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, HLA-A*0201, with a peptide epitope derived from the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 protein (amino acid residues 11-20), a reduced affinity human interleukin-2 (IL-2) variant, and an effector attenuated human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc domain, with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulatory activities. Upon administration, CUE-101 targets and selectively binds to E7-specific CD8-positive T cells present in patients with HPV16-driven malignancies. This may induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and promote the activation and expansion of tumor-specific CD8-positive cells, which may lead to T-cell-mediated elimination of tumor cells expressing the HPV16 E7 antigen. The HPV16 E7 oncoprotein is a cell surface glycoprotein and tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that is overexpressed in various HPV-associated cancers.
HPV16 L2/E6/E7 fusion protein vaccine TA-CIN: A recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV), genetically engineered fusion protein vaccine in which the three HPV16 viral proteins L2, E6 and E7 are fused together in a single tandem fusion protein (TA-CIN; HPV16 L2\E6\E7), with potential immunoprotective and antineoplastic properties. Upon administration, HPV16 L2/E6/E7 fusion protein vaccine TA-CIN may stimulate the immune system to generate HPV16 E6\E7-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses as well as the induction of L2-specific antibodies. In addition, this vaccine may prevent infection and the development of other HPV16-associated diseases. L2, a minor viral capsid protein, is able to induce a strong antibody response against certain HPV types.
HPV16 RG1 VLP vaccine: A monovalent chimeric human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles (VLPs)-based vaccine containing the epitope RG1, which is comprised of amino acids 17-36 of the minor capsid protein (L2) of HPV type 16 (HPV16), which is incorporated, in a repetitive and close manner, into the DE surface loop of the HPV16 major capsid protein (L1) VLP backbone (HPV16 L1-VLP), that can potentially be used for active immunization against various types of HPV. Upon administration, the HPV16 RG1 VLP vaccine activates the immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies against HPV16 and various other HPV subtypes. This protects against HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.
HPV16-E6-T27: A transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-edited plasmid targeting the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (HPV16) epitope E6, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of TALEN-edited HPV16 E6 T27, the TALEN targets and binds to a specific site on genomic HPV16 E6 and cleaves the DNA sequences encoding E6. This causes double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks within the viral DNA, which prevents the transcription and translation of E6. Inhibition of E6 expression restores and increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, and proapoptotic protein BAK, and promotes downstream signaling. Altogether, TALEN-based HPV editing increases apoptosis, reduces viral replication and viral load, eliminates HPV and inhibits tumor cell proliferation of HPV-driven cancer cells. HPV16 E6 is an oncogene vital to viral function and HPV infection, and promotes carcinogenesis.
HPV16-E7-T512: A transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-edited plasmid targeting human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (HPV16) epitope E7, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of TALEN-edited HPV16 E7 T512, the TALEN targets and binds to a specific site on genomic HPV16 E7, and cleaves the DNA sequences encoding E7. This causes double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks within the viral DNA, which prevents the transcription and translation of E7. Inhibition of E7 expression restores and increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), and promotes downstream signaling. Altogether, TALEN-based HPV editing increases cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis, reduces viral replication and load, eliminates HPV and inhibits tumor cell proliferation of HPV-driven cancer cells. HPV16 E7 is an oncogene that is vital to viral function and HPV infection, and promotes carcinogenesis.
HPV16-E711-19 peptide vaccine DPX-E7: A therapeutic vaccine composed of a synthetic peptide consisting of amino acids 11 through 19 of the viral oncoprotein human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype 16 E7 (HPV16-E7 11-19), with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulating activities. Immunization with the DPX-E7 HPV vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing the HPV16-E7 protein. HPV type 16 plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of certain cancers.
HPV6/11-targeted DNA plasmid vaccine INO-3107: A DNA vaccine consisting of plasmids encoding E6 and E7 genes of human papilloma virus subtype 6 (HPV-6) and 11 (HPV-11), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration via intramuscular electroporation, the HPV-6/11-targeted DNA plasmid vaccine INO-3107 expresses the HPV-6/11 E6 and E7 proteins, which may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that are expressing HPV6 and/or HPV11 E6 and E7 proteins, resulting in tumor cell lysis. HPV-6/11 infections are associated with aerodigestive malignancies.
HSD-1 inhibitor SPI-62: An orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1; 11bHSD1; HSD11B1; HSD1; HSD-1), with potential protective activity for disorders of corticosteroid excess. Upon oral administration, HSD-1 inhibitor SPI-62 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of HSD-1. This prevents the conversion of cortisone to the active hormone cortisol and thereby preventing the activation of the glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). By blocking cortisol production in metabolic tissues, SPI-62 may inhibit the adverse metabolic effects that are caused by exogenous administration of glucocorticoids or in disorders in which cortisol is secreted in excess. HSD-1 is highly expressed in metabolic tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in regulating the production of cortisol to activate the GRs.
Hsp70-peptide TKD/IL-2-activated autologous natural killer cells: A preparation of autologous natural killer (NK) cells that are stimulated ex vivo by a 14-mer heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) TKD peptide and interleukin-2 (IL-2), with potential tumor-selective cytolytic activity. Upon re-infusion into the patient, the treated NK cells recognize and bind to Hsp70-expressing tumor cells, which induces NK-mediated tumor cell lysis. Hsp70, a membrane-bound, stress-inducible protein, is overexpressed on almost all tumor cells; however, it is absent or minimally present on normal, healthy cells. TKD is the C-terminal substrate-binding domain of Hsp70 and is the structure recognized by the activated NK cells.
Hsp90 antagonist KW-2478: An agent that targets the human heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Hsp90 antagonist KW-2478 appears to inhibit Hsp90, resulting in impaired signal transduction, inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. HSP90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as HER2/ERBB2, AKT, RAF1, BCR-ABL, and mutated p53, as well as many other molecules that are important in cell cycle regulation or immune responses.
Hsp90 inhibitor AB-010: An orally bioavailable nanoparticle albumin-bound inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor AB-010 selectively binds to Hsp90, inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This agent may inhibit the growth of a wide variety of cancer cell types; the incorporation of albumin into its formulation may facilitate its endothelial transcytosis through the gp60-regulated albumin transport pathway. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor AT13387: A synthetic, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor AT13387 selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922: A derivative of 4,5-diarylisoxazole and a third-generation heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 has been shown to bind with high affinity to and inhibit Hsp90, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins; the inhibition of cell proliferation; and the elevation of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in a wide range of human tumor cell lines. Hsp90, a 90 kDa molecular chaperone, plays a key role in the conformational maturation, stability and function of other substrate or "client" proteins within the cell, many of which are involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, including kinases, transcription factors and hormone receptors. Hsp72 exhibits anti-apoptotic functions; its up-regulation may be used as a surrogate marker for Hsp90 inhibition.
Hsp90 inhibitor BIIB028: A small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor BIIB028 blocks the binding of oncogenic client proteins to Hsp90, which may result in the proteasomal degradation of these proteins and so the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as Her2/Erbb2, Akt, Raf1, Bcr-Abl, and mutated p53, in addition to other molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and immune responses.
Hsp90 inhibitor CNF2024: An orally active, purine-scaffold, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with potential antineoplastic activity. HSP90 inhibitor CNF2024 specifically blocks active HSP90, inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival; this may result in the inhibition of cellular proliferation in susceptible tumor cell populations. HSP90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor debio 0932: An orally active and small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor Debio 0932 specifically blocks Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of its client proteins, many of which are oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stabilization and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor DS-2248: An orally active and small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Hsp90 inhibitor DS-2248 specifically blocks Hsp90, which inhibits its chaperone function and promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
HSP90 inhibitor HSP990: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of human heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor Hsp990 binds to and inhibits the activity of Hsp90, which may result in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins, including HER2/ERBB2, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation, stability and function of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as HER2/ERBB2, AKT, RAF1, BCR-ABL, and mutated p53, as well as many other molecules that are important in cell cycle regulation and/or immune responses.
Hsp90 inhibitor MPC-3100: An orally bioavailable, synthetic, second-generation small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor MPC-3100 selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival; this agent may inhibit the growth and survival of a wide variety of cancer cell types. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability, and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor MPT0B640: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Hsp90 inhibitor MPT0B640 specifically blocks Hsp90, which inhibits its chaperone function and promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 specifically binds to the NH(2)-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 and specifically blocks Hsp90, which inhibits its chaperone function and promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival, including ErbB2, B-Raf(V600E), Raf-1, and Akt. This prevents oncogenic pathway signaling mediated by these proteins and leads to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-5422 mesylate: The orally bioavailable mesylate salt of a synthetic prodrug targeting the human heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-5422 is rapidly converted to SNX-2112, which accumulates more readily in tumors relative to normal tissues. SNX-2112 inhibits Hsp90, which may result in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins, including HER2/ERBB2, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as HER2/ERBB2, AKT, RAF1, BCR-ABL, and mutated p53, as well as many other molecules that are important in cell cycle regulation or immune responses.
Hsp90 inhibitor TQB3474: An inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, Hsp90 inhibitor TQB3474 specifically blocks Hsp90, which inhibits its chaperone function and promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
Hsp90 inhibitor XL888: An orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor XL888 specifically binds to Hsp90, inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival; inhibition of tumor cell proliferation may result. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins, including Her-2 and Met.
HSP90 peptide vaccine AST-021p: A cancer vaccine containing a peptide antigen derived from a specific protein heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) generated by tumor cells, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon vaccination, the HSP90 peptide vaccine may activate the immune system to induce an immune response against HSP90-expressing tumor cells. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
HSP90-targeted photosensitizer HS-201: A conjugate consisting of a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor connected via a linker to verteporfin, a photosensitizing agent, with potential imaging, photodynamic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the Hsp90 inhibitor moiety of HS-201 selectively binds to the Hsp90 ATP binding domain in tumor cells and HS-201 accumulates in tumor cells. The verteporfin moiety of HS-201 allows for visualization and photodynamic therapy of the tumors. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins. Verteporfin is a synthetic photosensitizer with photodynamic activity.
HSP90-targeted SN-38 conjugate PEN-866: A miniature drug conjugate composed of the irinotecan metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) conjugated, through a cleavable linker, to a ligand of chaperone protein heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of HSP90-targeted SN-38 conjugate PEN-866, the HSP90 ligand moiety targets HSP90, which allows the conjugate to penetrate, accumulate and be retained in the tumor cell. Once the linker is cleaved, the SN-38 moiety is released in a sustained manner. SN-38 then binds to and inhibits topoisomerase I by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, which results in DNA breaks, inhibition of DNA replication and apoptosis. Compared to SN-38 alone, PEN-866 preferentially targets, accumulates and is retained in the tumor cells due to its binding to Hsp90, which results in increased concentrations of SN-38 at the tumor site. This allows sustained release of SN-38 and leads to increased and prolonged efficacy while reducing toxicity to normal, healthy tissues. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated and activated in a variety of tumor cells compared to normal healthy tissue, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.
HspE7: A recombinant chimeric protein composed of the heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) from Mycobacterium bovis, and the human papilloma viral (HPV) protein E7. Hsp65, similar to other members of its family of proteins, elicits a strong immune response and may be used to design vaccines against a number of different cancers. E7 protein is involved in carcinogenesis of anal and cervical tumors, and represents a tumor antigen that may be specifically targeted by lymphocytes.
HSV-thymidine kinase-m2 and hGM-CSF genes-encoding GEN2: A gene therapy agent composed of a vector expressing a mutated form of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the human cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the HSV-thymidine kinase-m2/hGM-CSF genes-encoding GEN2 selectively infects tumor cells and expresses HSV-tk-m2 and GM-CSF. Subsequent administration of a synthetic acyclic guanosine analog, such as valganciclovir, allows the activation of this prodrug by HSV-tk to form ganciclovir. Once phosphorylated intracellularly, ganciclovir triphosphate competitively inhibits deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) incorporation into DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis. This kills the tumor cells expressing HSV-tk. The release of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) by dying tumor cells may then stimulate an antitumor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response, directed against any remaining tumor cells. The expressed GM-CSF enhances antigen presentation, promotes natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing and causes a CTL response against tumor cells, resulting in an immune-mediated tumor cell death.
HSV-TK-transduced donor lymphocytes: A preparation of donor lymphocytes transduced with the "suicide" gene herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) with potential immunomodulating activity. Administration of HSV-TK-transduced lymphocytes after T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation allows an early controllable immune reconstitution, which takes advantage of the antitumor effect of donor lymphocytes and helps to mitigate the risk of post-transplant opportunistic infection. To control graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) due to donor lymphocyte infusion, HSV-TK-transduced donor lymphocytes are selectively eliminated by administration of the antiviral agent ganciclovir. Ganciclovir, a prodrug, is readily phosphorylated by the suicide gene HSV-TK within HSV-TK-transduced lymphocytes to its monophosphate form and, subsequently, converted into its active triphosphate form, which specifically kills HSV-TK- transduced donor lymphocytes.
hTERT I540/R572Y/D988Y multipeptide vaccine: A peptide vaccine consisting of multiple epitopes derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. hTERT I540/R572Y/D988Y multipeptide vaccine contains strongly antigenic peptide epitopes I540 (9-mer), R572Y (9-mer) and D988Y (10-mer). Vaccination with this agent may elicit a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against telomerase-expressing tumor cells. Directly linked to tumorigenesis, telomerase is expressed in the majority of human cancer cells but is infrequently expressed in normal cells.
hTERT mRNA /survivin peptide-double-loaded autologous dendritic cell vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing autologous dendritic cells (DCs) that are pulsed with mRNA encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and survivin peptide, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hTERT mRNA/survivin peptide-double-loaded autologous dendritic cell vaccine may elicit an immune response against cancer cells expressing hTERT and survivin by activating cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs), natural killer cells (NKs), and B-lymphocytes. The tumor associated antigens (TAAs) hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, and survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, may be upregulated in certain tumor cell types and play key roles in tumor cell growth and survival.
hTERT multipeptide/Montanide ISA-51 VG/imiquimod GX 301: A therapeutic cancer vaccine consisting of four epitopes derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, including hTERT (540-548) acetate, hTERT (611-626) acetate, hTERT (672-686) acetate and hTERT (766-780) acetate, emulsified individually in the adjuvant montanide ISA-51 VG and administered with the immune response modifier (IRM) imiquimod, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Each hTERT peptide emulsion is administered individually by intradermal injection. Subsequently, imiquimod is applied topically to the injection site(s). Vaccination with GX 301 may elicit a cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response against telomerase-expressing tumor cells. Telomerase is expressed in the majority of human cancer cells, infrequently expressed in normal cells, and is directly linked to tumorigenesis. Imiquimod stimulates cytokine production through the activation of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7), and also exhibits antiproliferative effects. Montanide ISA-51, also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), is a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion containing mineral oil with mannide oleate, which contains vegetable-grade (VG) oleic acid derived from olive oil. ISA-51 non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens.
hTERT vaccine V934/V935: A cancer vaccine directed against human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hTERT vaccine V934/V935 may elicit a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against telomerase-expressing tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death. Telomerase is involved in the restoration and maintenance of telomere length and so the functional lifespan of cells. Abnormally reactivated in tumorigenesis, telomerase is expressed in the majority of human cancer cells but is not expressed or is expressed at very low levels in normal cells.
hTERT-encoding DNA vaccine INVAC-1: A DNA vaccine consisting of a plasmid encoding a modified, inactive form of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase which synthesizes telomeric DNA at the chromosome ends, fused to ubiquitin, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal vaccination of the hTERT encoding DNA vaccine INVAC-1 in combination with electroporation, hTERT protein is expressed and activates the immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response against telomerase-expressing tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death. Telomerase prolongs the functional lifespan of cells via the restoration and maintenance of telomere length. Abnormally activated in tumorigenesis, telomerase is expressed in the majority of human cancer cells, but its expression is low or non-existent in normal cells. hTERT conjugation to ubiquitin, a 76 amino-acid peptide involved in the regulation of normal protein intracellular turnover in the cytoplasm, enhances proteasome-dependent degradation of the hTERT protein, increases hTERT presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and results in an increased immune response against hTERT.
hTERT-LAMP mRNA-loaded autologous dendritic cell vaccine GRNVAC1: A cancer vaccine containing autologous dendritic cells (DCs) that are pulsed with mRNA encoding the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hTERT-LAMP mRNA-loaded autologous DC Vaccine GRNVAC1 may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing hTERT and LAMP1. hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, is upregulated in certain tumor cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth and survival. LAMP1, overexpressed on a variety of tumor cells, plays a key role in cell-cell adhesion and migration.
hTERT/survivin/CMV multipeptide vaccine: A vaccine containing multiple peptides derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), survivin and cytomegalovirus (CMV), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hTERT/survivin/CMV multipeptide vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against tumor cells espressing hTERT, survivin and CMV. hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, and the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin, both often upregulated in tumor cells, play key roles in tumor cell growth and survival. Further, CMV expression is correlated with certain types of cancer.
hTERT/survivin/melanoma tumor cell-derived mRNA-transfected dendritic cell vaccine: A cancer vaccine containing dendritic cells (DCs) that are transfected with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and survivin in addition to patient-specific melanoma-derived mRNA with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hTERT/survivin/melanoma tumor cell-derived mRNA-transfected dendritic cell vaccine may elicit a highly specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response against melanoma cells expressing hTERT, survivin, and patient-specific melanoma-associated antigens. hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, and survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, may be upregulated in certain tumor cell types, playing key roles in tumor cell growth and survival.
hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein: A recombinant protein consisting of the hu14.18 monoclonal antibody fused to the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL2) with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody portion of the hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein binds to tumor cells expressing the GD2 antigen (melanoma, neuroblastoma and certain other tumors); the Fc component of the fusion protein antibody moiety and natural killer (NK) cells mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CDCC) towards GD2-expressing tumor cells. The localized IL2 moiety of the fusion protein stimulates NK and T-cell antitumor cellular immune responses.
huachansu: A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing a water soluble Bufo toad skin extract that includes the cardiac glycosides bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action of this TCM has yet to be fully elucidated, huachansu, which may be administered in an injectable form, may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, while inducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as BAX.
Huaier extract granule: An orally bioavailable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of a granule containing an aqueous extract of Trametes robiniophila murr (Huaier), a mushroom found on hardwood tree trunks, with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which Huaier exerts its effects is largely unknown, upon administration, this agent induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits proliferation and migration of susceptible cancer cells through the modulation of various signal transduction pathways involved in carcinogenesis and angiogenesis.
Huang Lian: A Chinese herb of a desiccated root from the plant Coptis chinensis. Although the mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Huang Lian has antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. In addition, this herb exhibits antioxidant property that influences positively on lipid metabolism, cause dilation of blood vessels, and may slow the growth of tumor cells. This herb contains rich amount of phytogens, such as berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, geniposide, and anti-HIV compound baicalin, which might explain the broad effects of this herb. Huang Lian is commonly used to treat diarrhea or dysentery in Chinese medicine.
Huang Qi: A Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) containing the root of the perennial herbaceous plant Astragalus (Radix Astragali) belonging to the family Leguminosae. Huang Qi is believed to tonify Qi, induce diuresis, relieve edema and nourish blood. It may also replenish body fluids and help relieve pain.
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction: A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of a decoction containing Sheng huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), and Dazao (Fructus Jujubae), with potential neuroprotective activity. Upon administration, Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWWD) may improve nerve function and may prevent neurotoxicity, including oxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN).
huBC1-huIL12 fusion protein AS1409: An immunoconjugate consisting of the anti-tumor cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) fused to the tumor-targeting antibody BC1 with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. The antibody moiety of huBC1-huIL12 fusion protein AS1409 binds to the human fibronectin splice variant ED-B, delivering IL-12 directly to the tumor vasculature; tumor vasculature-targeted IL-12 initiates localized immune cascade responses and exhibits cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activity while minimizing the systemic side effects of IL-12. The human fibronectin splice variant ED-B is over-expressed in the extracellular matrix and blood vessels of tumor tissues.
Humalog: (Other name for: insulin lispro)
human acellular dermal matrix: An allograft composed of sterile, decellularized regenerative human dermal tissue matrix, with soft tissue reconstructive and transplantation purposes. In this human acellular dermal matrix (hADM), which is composed of the dermal layer and extracellular matrix of thin layers of donated skin that have had the epidermal layer removed, the donor cellular material is removed, which minimizes immunological response in ADM recipients. The hADM retains native growth factors, collagen and elastin. Using hADM to support tissue expanders or implants for soft tissue reconstruction or to aid in wound healing, the matrix allows for rapid cellular proliferation and infiltration, integration of mesenchymal cells into the matrix and re-vascularization. This facilitates surgical reconstruction and protects against wound exposure and wound infection.
human adenovirus type 5 encoding HPV-16 E6/E7 vaccine IBRX-042: A cancer vaccine composed of an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector that encodes for the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 derived from human papillomavirus serotype 16 (HPV-16; HPV16), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, hAd5 encoding HPV-16 E6/E7 vaccine IBRX-042 induces expression of the HPV-16 E6/E7 proteins, which stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated response against tumor cells expressing HPV-16 E6 and E7. Oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a key role in the development of various malignancies.
human anti-CD30 CAR-expressing autologous T-lymphocytes: A preparation of autologous T-lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a human anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the human anti-CD30 CAR-expressing autologous T-lymphocytes specifically recognize and bind to CD30-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. CD30, a cell surface receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is transiently expressed on activated lymphocytes and is constitutively expressed in hematologic malignancies. Compared to CAR-T cells that use murine scFv-based CARs, CAR-T cells containing CARs with human scFv regions reduces the immunogenicity of the CAR-T cells and may improve their longevity.
human embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopamine neuron cells MSK-DA01: A preparation of midbrain dopamine neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells that could potentially be used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Upon administration and transplantation of the human embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopamine neuron cells MSK-DA01 into the putamen, these nerve cells may replenish the dopaminergic cells that are lost in PD patients and produce dopamine, thereby alleviating PD symptoms.
human gp100 plasmid DNA vaccine: A vaccine consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding the human melanoma-associated antigen gp100. Upon adminsistration, expressed gp100 antigen may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell HLA-A2.1-restricted immune response against tumor cells that express this antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.
human hepatitis B virus immune globulin: A preparation containing immunoglobulin (Igs), mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), against hepatitis B virus (HBV), with potential immunizing and anti-viral activities. The hepatitis B IgG is isolated from donors expressing antibodies to hepatitis B-surface antigen. Upon administration of human HBV immune globulin, it may provide passive immunization against HBV, and may help prevent or treat infection by HBV.
human immunoglobulin G: A sterile preparation of purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) derived from large pools of human plasma. Upon administration, octagam provides passive immunization by increasing the recipient's serum levels of circulating antibodies. IgG antibodies have multiple functions, including binding to and neutralizing bacterial toxins; opsonization of pathogens; activation of complement; and suppression of pathogenic cytokines and phagocytes through binding to CD5, interleukin-1a (IL-1a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and T-cell receptors.
human lactoferrin peptide hLF1-11: A synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 11 N-terminal amino acids of human lactoferrin (hLF1-11) with potential antimicrobial activity. Although the exact mechanism through which this peptide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, hLF1-11 binds ferric iron, limiting the availability of free iron for microbial functions. hLF1-11 may be effective against a variety of bacteria and fungi, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains. Human lactoferrin, a 692 amino acid glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family of metal-binding proteins, can be found in human milk and other secretory fluids, and the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Human lactoferrin plays a role in the innate defense of mucosal surfaces.
human lysozyme-containing goat milk: A preparation of human lysozyme-containing goat milk produced by goats that have been genetically engineered to produce human lysozyme in the milk, which may potentially be used for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Upon administration of human lysozyme-containing goat milk, the human lysozyme, which acts as an antimicrobial, may promote the growth of beneficial bacteria while preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This may prevent GvHD, which has been associated with the loss of microbial diversity in the GI tract and changes in the gut microbiota. Human lysozyme is an enzyme naturally present in human milk.
human MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T-cell line TALL-104: An allogeneic human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cell line with potential antineoplastic activity. Human MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T-cell line TALL-104 is an IL-2-dependent human leukemic T cell line, expressing CD8 and CD3 but not CD16. Upon administration, human MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T-cell line TALL-104 interacts with tumor cells and activates apoptotic and necrotic pathways, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Endowed with MHC-non-restricted killer activity, these cells are cytotoxic against a broad range of tumor cells, sparing normal cells. In addition, TALL-104 may induce secretion of various cytokines, such as interferon-gamma, potentially enhancing its cytotoxic activity.
human monoclonal antibody 216: A naturally-occurring human IgM monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Human monoclonal antibody 216, derived from the gene VH4-34, binds to the glycosylated epitope CDIM on the surface of both malignant and normal B cells. Upon binding to B cells, this antibody may crosslink two or more CDIM molecules, resulting in the formation of cell membrane pores, the disruption of cell membrane integrity, and B cell lysis; this mechanism of antibody-mediated cell death is direct and does not involve mechanisms of complement-mediated cytotoxicity or antibody-depndent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). CDIM is the glyco-moiety of a 75 kD MW B-cell cell surface glycoprotein.
human monoclonal antibody B11-hCG beta fusion protein CDX-1307: A human monoclonal antibody (B11) directed against the mannose receptor and linked to the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG beta) with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. The monoclonal antibody moiety of human monoclonal antibody B11-hCG beta fusion protein CDX-1307 binds to mannose receptors on antigen presenting cells (APCs), including human dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Upon internalization and processing, APCs present the processed hCG beta antigen on their cell surfaces, which may initiate an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) response against hCG beta-expressing tumor cells. The tumor-associated antigen (TAA) hCG beta is selectively overexpressed by a number of tumors including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, bladder and ovarian tumors; its expression may correlate with the stage of disease.
human myeloid progenitor cells CLT-008: Early- to late-stage myeloid progenitor cells derived from adult human stem cells with potential hematopoietic activity. Upon infusion, human myeloid progenitor cells CLT-008 proliferate into mature myeloid cells, including granulocytes, macrophages, platelets, and erythrocytes. These myeloid progenitor cells die within forty-five days after a burst of hematopoiesis. This agent cannot create lymphoid cells, including T cells associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
human papillomavirus 16 E7 peptide: A synthetic peptide sequence of human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 nuclear protein which is used to produce vaccines against HPV infection and HPV-related neoplasms. HPV E7 oncogenic protein binds the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, pRB, as well as a number of other cellular proteins, and serves as a transcriptional activator. This protein is important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and is co-expressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas.
human papillomavirus tumor antigen vaccine: A vaccinia viral based vaccine, encoding epitopes of E6 and E7 proteins from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, with immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. HPV types 16 and 18 account for approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Vaccination with this HPV-TA (tumor antigen) vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells positive for E6 and E7 from either type 16 or 18 HPV, resulting in decreased tumor growth.
human papillomavirus vaccine V503: A vaccine consisting of noninfectious, recombinant virus-like particles (VLP) containing the major viral capsid protein L1 of nine strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), with potential immunoprotective activity. Vaccination with HPV V503 may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cells positive for any of these nine strains of HPV, thereby preventing cervical infection upon exposure to certain HPV subtypes.
human prostate-specific membrane antigen plasmid DNA vaccine: A vaccine consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding the human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Upon administration, expressed PSMA may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells that express this antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.
human trefoil factor 1-secreting Lactococcus lactis AG013: An oral rinse solution containing a strain of the bacteria Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) genetically modified to express human Trefoil Factor 1 (hTFF1) with potential cytoprotective activity. With oral rinsing, human trefoil factor 1-secreting Lactococcus lactis AG013 may secrete and deliver hTFF1 to oral mucosal tissue, protecting or promoting the healing of damaged oral mucosa. hTFF1, a peptide belonging to the Trefoil factors family (TFF), is normally secreted by mucous epithelia and is involved in protecting mucosal tissue and maintaining mucosal surface integrity.
Human Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin: A human plasma-derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) formulation containing high levels of antibodies against varicella zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (shingles), with potential immunomodulating and antiviral activities. VZV IgG (VARIZIG) is isolated from donors expressing high amounts of VZV antibodies. Upon intramuscular (IM) administration, the anti-VZV antibodies provide passive immunization against VZV. This may prevent infection by VZV in immunocompromised patients.
human-derived Enterococcus strain MNC-168: An enteric-coated capsule formulation composed of a live Enterococcus strain derived from the human gut microbiome, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the human-derived Enterococcus strain MNC-168, the bacteria may activate the immune system through various mechanisms, including, but not limited to, the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This may enhance anti-tumor immune responses and may eradicate tumor cells.
Humatin: (Other name for: paromomycin sulfate)
Humira: (Other name for: adalimumab)
Humulin N: (Other name for: insulin, NPH)
Humulin R Insulin: (Other name for: insulin, regular)
Hyalo GYN: (Other name for: hyaluronic acid-based hydrating vaginal gel)
hyaluronic acid: A glucosaminoglycan consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine disaccharide units that is a component of connective tissue, skin, vitreous humour, umbilical cord, synovial fluid and the capsule of certain microorganisms contributing to adhesion, elasticity, and viscosity of extracellular substances.
hyaluronic acid-based gel: A sterile, biodegradable hydrogel containing non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (HA) that can be used as a rectal spacer. Upon injection into the perirectal space, the HA-based gel provides distance between the rectum and the prostate, pushes the rectum away from the prostate, and may protect the rectum by moving it out of the radiation beam exposure prior to radiation therapy. This decreases the amount of radiation received by the rectum and may decrease prostate radiation side effects.
hyaluronic acid-based hydrating vaginal gel: A clear, colorless water-based vaginal gel containing the partial benzyl ester of hyaluronic acid (HA) with potential hydrating activity. Upon vaginal application, HA adheres to the vaginal mucosa where it retains water, provides moisture to the vagina and protects the vaginal mucosa. This gel may provide relief in vaginal dryness and may prevent sexual discomfort, itching and irritation. This HA derivative is less susceptible to enzymatic breakdown and provides longer lasting activity compared to HA. HA is naturally present in the vaginal epithelium.
hyaluronic acid-containing topical cream: A topical cream formulation containing hyaluronic acid (HA) with wound repair-promoting, skin moisturizing, and potential radioprotective activities. Upon application of the topical cream, HA adheres to injured tissues, provides hydration to the skin, and protects against dehydration and chemical or mechanical irritation. Hyaluronate, a non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix in connective, epithelial, and neural tissues and contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration.
hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate/poloxamer 407 oral solution: An oral solution composed of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the polymer and bioadhesive component poloxamer 407, with potential mucosal protective activity. Upon oral administration of the HA/CS/poloxamer 407 oral solution, poloxamer 407 facilitates the adhesion of HA and CS to the esophageal mucosa, thereby prolonging their action. HA and CS provide a mucosal protective barrier and act similarly to the natural components in the submucosal tissue lining the esophagus. HA plays a key role in cell signaling and repair, tissue generation, morphogenesis, and structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CS protects the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa by shielding the epithelial areas damaged by acid, thus diminishing catabolic activity and inhibiting proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteases, collagenase, and elastase. In addition, CS regulates several inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-a, IL-1b, COX-2, PGE2, and NFkB, and reduces the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in the inflammatory cascade. This may help prevent inflammation locally. Altogether, this formulation may help heal any damaged mucosa and may help protect against radiation-induced esophagitis.
Hycamtin: (Other name for: topotecan hydrochloride)
Hycamtin Capsules: (Other name for: oral topotecan hydrochloride)
hycanthone: A thioxanthene derivative of lucanthone with anti-schistosomal activity and potential antineoplastic activity. Hycanthone interferes with parasite nerve function, resulting in parasite paralysis and death. This agent also intercalates into DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis in vitro.
Hydeltra: (Other name for: prednisolone)
Hydeltrasol: (Other name for: prednisolone)
hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: A naturally occurring, highly mineralized phyllosilicate clay used as a nutritional supplement with mycotoxin binding and protective activities. Upon ingestion prior to each meal, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract but rather binds certain food contaminants, including aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin B1 (FB1), thereby reducing the bioavailability of these substances. Dietary exposure of AF and FB1 has been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.
hydrazine sulfate: The synthetic sulfate salt of hydrazine, a derivative of ammonia. Hydrazine inhibits the enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, thereby blocking gluconeogenesis. This agent has been reported to decrease the excessive energy needs and cachexia of cancer patients. Classified as a likely human carcinogen, hydrazine sulfate is also a weak inhibitor of mono-amine oxidase (MAO).
Hydrea: (Other name for: hydroxyurea)
hydrochlorothiazide: A short acting thiazide diuretic. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is widely used to treat hypertension and edema. This agent's metabolite appears to preferentially bind to and accumulate in red blood cells. This agent is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
hydrocodone/acetaminophen: A combination preparation of the analgesic acetaminophen and the semisynthetic opioid agonist hydrocodone with analgesic and antitussive activities. Acetaminophen exerts its analgesic activity by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis while hydrocodone exerts its analgesic activity by binding to the mu-receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opioids.
hydrocortisone sodium succinate: The sodium salt of hydrocortisone succinate with glucocorticoid property. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate is chemically similar to the endogenous hormone that stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, in addition to exhibiting minor mineralocorticoid effects. This agent binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and is translocated into the nucleus, where it initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes, such as various cytokines and lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both potent mediators of inflammation.
hydrocortisone sodium succinate/aluminum phosphate gel: A gel composed of the sodium succinate form of the glucocorticoid hydrocortisone mixed with aluminum phosphate, with potential protective activity. Upon oral administration of the hydrocortisone sodium succinate/aluminum phosphate gel, the gel forms a layer over the esophageal mucosa, which may restore and protect the esophageal membrane against damage. Hydrocortisone exerts anti-inflammatory effects locally, may reduce or prevent infection, may reduce the formation of connective tissue in order to prevent postoperative esophageal stenosis and stricture, and may reduce symptoms of dysphagia or choking, after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aluminum phosphate acts as a buffer and may protect the local mucosal membrane from the acidic environment.
Hydrocortone: (Other name for: therapeutic hydrocortisone)
Hydrodiuril: (Other name for: hydrochlorothiazide)
hydrogel-based resiquimod STM-416: An injectable biodegradable hydrogel-based, intra-tumoral extended-release (ER) formulation containing the imidazoquinolinamine resiquimod, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonist, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intra-tumoral administration at the site and time of surgery involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor, the hydrogel-based resiquimod STM-416 locally releases resiquimod for an extended period and binds to TLR7 and 8, which are found mainly on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes, and activates the TLR signaling pathway. This results in the induction of the nuclear translocation of transcription activator nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and activation of other transcription factors. This leads to the induction of NF-kB-dependent genes and increases cytokine production, especially interferon-alpha (INF-a), which results in the enhancement of T-helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. Activation of DCs also results in the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and B-lymphocyte immune responses. This may cause tumor cell lysis. TLR7 and 8, members of the TLR family, play fundamental roles in the activation of the immune system.
hydrogen peroxide-hyaluronic acid tumor injectable formulation: A gel-based formulation composed of a very dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA), with potential radiosensitizing activity. Upon intratumoral injection and slow-release (SR) of H2O2 from the gel, H2O2 releases oxygen and inactivates anti-oxidative enzymes, thereby increasing the oxygen concentration in the tumor environment, which increases the efficacy of radiotherapeutic treatment. HA increases viscosity of the formulation and allows for the SR of H2O2; as compared to the injection of H2O2 alone, the addition of HA decreases diffusion of H2O2 to surrounding areas and enhances intratumoral H2O2 concentration over an increased period of time. Hypoxic tumors show a decreased response to radiotherapy; thus, increasing oxygen content increases tumor response to radiotherapy.
hydrogen-rich water: A nutritional supplement composed of molecular hydrogen-rich water (HRW), with potential preventative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radiation protective activities. The molecular hydrogen gas is dissolved in the water. Upon oral administration of HRW, hydrogen is able to efficiently penetrate cytoplasmic membranes and targets intracellular organelles, and, being an antioxidant, scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. This may decrease oxidative stress, prevent cellular damage, reduce inflammatory responses and inhibit apoptosis.
hydromorphone: The hydrogenated ketone of morphine, a semi-synthetic opioid with analgesic effects. Hydromorphone selectively binds the mu-opioid receptor which is linked through G-proteins. Binding stimulates the exchange of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP) on the G-protein complex and interacts with and inhibits adenylate cyclase located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane. This leads to a reduction in intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Further, voltage-gated potassium channels are activated, thereby causing hyperpolarization and reducing neuronal excitability. In addition, the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels is inhibited, thereby leading to an inhibition of calcium entry and a reduction in the release of various neurotransmitters, including GABA, vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagons.
hydromorphone hydrochloride: The hydrochloride salt of the semi-synthetic opioid hydromorphone with analgesic activity. Hydromorphone, the hydrogenated ketone of morphine, selectively binds the mu-opioid receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor. Binding stimulates the exchange of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP) on the G-protein complex, resulting in inhibition of plasma membrane-associated adenylate cyclase (AC) and a reduction in intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Due to a reduction in cAMP levels, voltage-gated potassium channels are activated, resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization and a reduction in neuronal excitability. In addition, this agent inhibits the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in inhibition of calcium entry into neuronal cells and a reduction in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P and glutamate.
Hydrostat: (Other name for: hydromorphone hydrochloride)
hydroxychloroquine: A 4-aminoquinoline with immunosuppressive, antiautophagy, and antimalarial activities. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, hydroxychloroquine may suppress immune function by interfering with the processing and presentation of antigens and the production of cytokines. As a lysosomotropic agent, hydroxychloroquine raises intralysosomal pH, impairing autophagic protein degradation; hydroxychloroquine-mediated accumulation of ineffective autophagosomes may result in cell death in tumor cells reliant on autophagy for survival. In addition, this agent is highly active against the erythrocytic forms of P. vivax and malariae and most strains of P. falciparum but not the gametocytes of P. falciparum.
hydroxychloroquine sulfate: A synthetic derivative of quinolyl with chemotherapeutic and antibiotic properties, hydroxychloroquine sulfate acts against erythrocytic malarial parasites (Plasmodium vivax, ovale, and malariae) by concentrating in food vacuoles. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase and acts through other unknown mechanisms. Hydroxychloroquine also has anti-inflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
hydroxytyrosol: A phenolic phytochemical naturally occurring in extra virgin olive oil, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which hydroxytyrosol exerts its effects have yet to be fully determined, this agent affects the expression of various components of the inflammatory response, possibly through the modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. The effects include the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the inhibition of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a), IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a); increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; inhibition of the production of certain chemokines, such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10/IP-10), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (CCL4/MIP-1b); and inhibition of the expression of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) and prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES), which prevent the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE2), respectively. In addition, hydroxytyrosol is able to regulate the expression of other genes involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated and cyclin-dependent kinases. Also, hydroxytyrosol scavenges free radicals and prevents oxidative DNA damage. This induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in susceptible cancer cells.
hydroxyurea: A monohydroxyl-substituted urea (hydroxycarbamate) antimetabolite. Hydroxyurea selectively inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, an enzyme required to convert ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, thereby preventing cells from leaving the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also exhibits radiosensitizing activity by maintaining cells in the radiation-sensitive G1 phase and interfering with DNA repair.
HylaCare™ cream: (Other name for: hyaluronic acid-containing topical cream)
Hymorphan: (Other name for: hydromorphone hydrochloride)
Hyperacute Melanoma: (Other name for: B16alphaGal melanoma vaccine)
HyperAcute-Lung Cancer Vaccine: (Other name for: alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-expressing allogeneic lung tumor cell vaccine)
hyperAcute-pancreas immunotherapy: (Other name for: algenpantucel-L)
HyperAcute™ Renal: (Other name for: alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-expressing allogeneic renal cell carcinoma vaccine)
hyperbaric oxygen: Oxygen that is administered at a higher pressure compared to standard (i.e. sea-level) atmospheric pressure. Administration of oxygen under hyperbaric conditions enhances the delivery of oxygen to hypoxic tumor cells, thereby increasing their sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen may improve the healing of radiation-induced injuries by improving oxygen delivery to damaged tissue.
HyperCVAD regimen: A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, administered on a hyperfractionated schedule that is used to treat adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or Burkitt-type ALL and adult small non-cleaved cell (Burkitt) lymphoma, AIDS-related B-cell lymphomas, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) and T-cell lymphomas.
HyperHep B: (Other name for: human hepatitis B virus immune globulin)
hypericin sodium: The sodium salt form of hypericin, an anthraquinone derivative that is naturally found in the yellow flower of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) with antidepressant, potential antiviral, antineoplastic and immunostimulating activities. Hypericin appears to inhibit the neuronal uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamate, which may contribute to its antidepressant effect. Hypericin may also prevent the replication of encapsulated viruses probably due to inhibition of the assembly and shedding of virus particles in infected cells. This agent also exerts potent phototoxic effects by triggering apoptotic signaling that results in formation of reactive oxygen species.
hyperimmune bovine colostrum: A dietary supplement consisting of bovine colostrum, containing high titers of immunoglobulins (Igs), with immunostimulating and anti-infective activities. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum is harvested during the first days after calving from cows that have been inoculated repeatedly with specific pathogens during pregnancy. In addition to high titers of anti-pathogen specific antibodies, hyperimmune colostrum is also rich in other immune factors, proline-rich polypeptides (PRP), lactoferrin, glycoproteins, lactalbumins, cytokines, growth factors, vitamins, and minerals. This dietary supplement may exhbit anti-infective activity in immunocompromised patients.
hyperpolarized carbon 13 alpha-ketoglutarate: A radioconjugate and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) metabolic imaging probe composed of hyperpolarized alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) labeled with carbon C 13, with potential usage in the diagnostic imaging of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant-expressing cancer cells upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upon administration, hyperpolarized carbon C 13 aKG (HP 13C-aKG) is taken up by IDH1-expressing cancer cells. In tumors that express wild-type IDH1, only HP 13C-aKG can be detected. In cells that express mutant IDH1, HP 13C-aKG is further metabolized to HP 13C-2-hydroxyglutarate (HP 13C-2-HG) while not in tumor cells expressing wild-type IDH1 or in normal, healthy brain tissue. Upon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging, HP 13C-aKG is detected in wild-type IDH1-expressing cancer cells, and both HP 13C-aKG and HP 13C-2-HG can be detected in IDH1 mutant-expressing cancer cells though HP 13C-aKG detection decreases in IDH1-mutant-expressing cancer cells over time due to conversion to HP 13C-2-HG. This may aid in the diagnosis of cancers expressing IDH1 and provides mutant IDH1 status of tumor cells.
hyperpolarized carbon C 13 pyruvate: A hyperpolarized pyruvate labeled with carbon C 13, with potential usage in the diagnostic imaging of cancer cells. Upon administration, carbon C 13 hyperpolarized pyruvate (13C-pyruvate) is taken up by cancer cells and is further metabolized to lactate and alanine for use in glycolysis, lipogenesis and protein synthesis, to support the enhanced metabolic needs of tumor cells. As tumor cells are rapidly proliferating, their uptake of pyruvate and its subsequent conversion to alanine and lactate are higher than non-proliferating cells. Upon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI), both hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate as well as its metabolites can be detected and visualized in cancer cells; this may aid in the diagnosis of cancer. Hyperpolarization of 13C-pyruvate, using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), enhances NMR signals.
hyperpolarized carbon C 13/nitrogen N 15-labeled urea: A radioconjugate composed of hyperpolarized urea radiolabeled with carbon C 13 and nitrogen N 15, that can potentially be used as a tracer for the accumulation of urea using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
hyperpolarized helium 3: A contrast agent composed of hyperpolarized helium He 3 gas (HP3He), with potential usage in diagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI). Upon inhalation, the hyperpolarized helium He 3 gas is distributed throughout the lungs. MRI, immediately following HP3He administration, allows for the visualization of lung structures based on the distribution pattern of the gas. This may aid in the diagnosis of certain lung abnormalities. Hyperpolarization of He 3 enhances NMR signals and thus improves imaging and assessment of lung function.
hyperpolarized xenon 129: A contrast agent composed of hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 gas (HP129Xe), with potential usage in diagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI). Upon inhalation, the hyperpolarized xenon 129 gas is distributed throughout the lungs. MRI, immediately following HP129Xe administration, allows for the visualization of lung structures based on the distribution pattern of the gas. This may aid in the diagnosis of certain lung abnormalities. Hyperpolarization of Xe 129 enhances NMR signals and thus improves imaging and assessment of lung function.
hypertonic saline: Any solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water with a concentration of NaCl higher than that found in physiological saline (0.9% w/v). When administered in vivo, hypertonic saline (HTS) exhbits several physiological effects beneficial to cerebral injury including: 1) osmotic and vasoregulatory - by promoting the flow of excess water from cerebral tissue to the blood via osmosis and decreasing edema in the vascular endothelium of injured tissues, thus lowering vascular resistance and allowing more blood flow; 2) hemodymanic - by effectively expanding plasma volume; 3) immunomodulatory - by preventing leukocytes from becoming activated and adhering to injured neurons and; 4) neurochemical - by counteracting detrimental excitatory amino acids through the normalization of neuronal cell membranes and by restoration of normal electrolyte and neurotransmitter levels in brain cells, and normal cell volumes.
hypochlorous acid-containing wound spray APR-TD011: A sprayable topical formulation composed of a hypotonic acid-oxidizing solution containing the antimicrobial agent hypochlorous acid (HClO), with potential wound cleaning, wound healing and antimicrobial activity in certain skin conditions, such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Upon administration of the APR-TD011 spray to the affected area(s), HClO kills bacteria. The solution, having a low pH and high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), changes the microbiome and creates a wound microenvironment that may be favorable to wound healing, may prevent skin infection, and may decrease inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pro-inflammatory pathway and by inactivating matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). This may also reduce itching and pain and increase cell growth, thereby further accelerating wound healing.
hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000: A proprietary, hypoxia-activated prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000 is activated in the hypoxic cells within tumors into an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor via a mechanism of action not yet fully elucidated. As a result, this agent inhibits cellular proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells overexpressing HER kinases, which belong to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Healthy, normal tissues may be spared due to the hypoxia-specific activity of this agent, potentially reducing systemic toxicity.
Hypoxin: (Other name for: hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000)
Hytone: (Other name for: therapeutic hydrocortisone)