Skip to main content
An official website of the United States government
Government Funding Lapse
Because of a lapse in government funding, the information on this website may not be up to date, transactions submitted via the website may not be processed, and the agency may not be able to respond to inquiries until appropriations are enacted.

The NIH Clinical Center (the research hospital of NIH) is open. For more details about its operating status, please visit cc.nih.gov.

Updates regarding government operating status and resumption of normal operations can be found at opm.gov.

NCI Drug Dictionary

Please enter up to 30 characters for your search

49 results found for: X

xaliproden hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of xaliproden, an orally-active, synthetic, non-peptidic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1A receptor agonist with neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, xaliproden appears to either mimic the effects of neurotrophins or stimulate their synthesis, thereby stimulating neuronal cell differentiation and proliferation and inhibiting neuronal cell death. The neuroprotective effect of this agent involves the activation of MAP kinase pathways via stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor.
Xalkori
(Other name for: crizotinib)
Xanafide
(Other name for: amonafide L-malate)
Xanax
(Other name for: alprazolam)
xanthohumol
A prenylated flavonoid derived from the female flowers of the hops plant (Humulus lupulus L), with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, xanthohumol scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In addition, xanthohumol is able to increase the expression of phase II cytoprotective enzymes, thereby inactivating carcinogens. This agent exerts anti-inflammatory activity, through the inhibition of inflammation-inducing enzymes, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis of susceptible cancer cells. Xanthohumol also decreases the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), thereby preventing cancer cell invasion.
Xanthotoxin
(Other name for: methoxsalen)
Xarelto
(Other name for: rivaroxaban)
Xatmep
(Other name for: methotrexate sodium)
XBP1-US/XBP1-SP/CD138/CS1 multipeptide vaccine PVX-410
A cancer vaccine containing immunogenic, HLA-A2-specific epitopes derived from X-box–binding protein 1-unspliced (XBP1-US), XBP1-spliced (SP), syndecan-1 (CD138), and CS1 (CD2 subset 1, CRACC, SLAMF7, CD319) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, XBP1-US/XBP1-SP/CD138/CS1 multipeptide vaccine PVX-410 may stimulate the immune system to induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against the four myeloma-specific antigens. The tumor associated antigens (TAAs) XBP1-US, XBP1-SP, CD138 and CS1, are overexpressed on the surface of multiple myeloma (MM) cells.
Xcytrin
(Other name for: motexafin gadolinium)
XELIRI regimen
A chemotherapy regimen containing capecitabine and irinotecan used in the treatment of colorectal, esophageal and gastric cancer.
Xeloda
(Other name for: capecitabine)
XELOX regimen
A chemotherapy regimen consisting of capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin used for the treatment of advanced-stage colorectal cancer. This regimen differs from a similar regimen, CAPOX, with regards to the dosing schedule for oxaliplatin.
Xembify
(Other name for: immune globulin subcutaneous human–klhw)
xenogeneic tyrosinase DNA vaccine
A plasmid DNA vaccine, encoding an epitope of mouse tyrosinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Administered via intramuscular electroporation, vaccination with xenogeneic tyrosinase DNA vaccine may induce both humoral and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses against melanoma cells that express tyrosinase, resulting in decreased tumor growth. .
xenon
A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas element with atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.3.
xentuzumab
A humanized IgG1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) monoclonal antibody targeting the IGF ligands 1 (IGF-1) and 2 (IGF-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, xentuzumab binds to both IGF-1 and IGF-2 and inhibits the binding of these ligands to their receptor, IGF-1R. This blocks the insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, which is upregulated in a number of cancer cell types and plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance. In addition, xentuzumab prevents the binding of IGF-2 to insulin receptor variant A (IR-A), preventing its activation.
Xeomin
(Other name for: botulinum toxin type A)
Xerecept
(Other name for: corticorelin acetate)
Xermelo
(Other name for: telotristat etiprate)
xevinapant
An orally available mimetic of the natural second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (Smac) and inhibitor of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), with potential immunomodulating, apoptotic-inducing, chemo-radio-sensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration,xevinapant targets and binds to the Smac binding groove on IAPs, including the direct caspase inhibitor X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), and the cellular IAPs 1 (c-IAP1) and 2 (c-IAP2). This inhibits the activities of these IAPs and promotes the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, as xevinapant inhibits the activity of IAPs, it may work synergistically with cytotoxic drugs and/or radiation to overcome tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. As IAPs regulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathways, which drives the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, xevinapant may enhance anti-tumor immune responses when administered with certain immunomodulating agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. IAPs are overexpressed by many cancer cell types and suppress both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting active caspases via their baculoviral lAP repeat (BIR) domains. They contribute to chemo-radio-resistance of cancer cells to certain cytotoxic agents and radiation, promote tumor cell survival and are associated with poor prognosis in certain types of cancer. SMAC, a pro-apoptotic mitochondrial protein, is an endogenous inhibitor of the IAPs family of cellular proteins.
Xgeva
(Other name for: denosumab)
Xiaflex
(Other name for: collagenase clostridium histolyticum EN3835)
xianling gubao
An orally bioavailable phytoestrogen-rich Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) containing extracts from the six herbs Herba epimedii, Radix dipsaci (Dipsacus root), Radix salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia root, Danshen, red sage root), Rhizoma anemarrhenae (zhi Mu), Fructus Psoraleae (fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L), and Radix Rehmanniae (Rehmannia root, Rehmannia glutinosa, Sheng Di Huang, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch), with potential anti-osteoporotic and bone-strengthening activities. Xianling gubao (XLGB) contains various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids and terpenes. Upon oral administration of XLGB, the active ingredients may strengthen bones and may treat or prevent osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone loss and bone fractures.
Xiaoai Jiedu decoction
A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction composed of Oldenlandia, Kuh-seng, Codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, smoked plum, the rhizome of Chinese goldthread, rhizome zingiberis preparata and semen Coicis, with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of Xiaoai Jiedu decoction, the active ingredients in this decoction may inhibit a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in carcinogenesis. This may induce cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell formation and proliferation.
Xifaxan
(Other name for: rifaximin)
Xilonix
(Other name for: anti-interleukin-1 alpha monoclonal antibody MABp1)
Xilonix
(Other name for: bermekimab)
Xinlay
(Other name for: atrasentan hydrochloride)
xinmailong
A Chinese medicine composed of bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana consisting of adenosine, inosine, protocatechuic acid, and pyroglutamate dipeptides, with potential cardioprotective activity. Upon administration, xinmailong may inhibit the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MAPK3/ERK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)/ERK2, AKT, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3-beta), thereby decreasing the expression of transcription factor GATA-4. GATA-4 is a key regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, mediating gene expressions in response to heart failure (HF) stimuli by activating a variety of HF-associated genes, such as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC). Decreased expression of GATA-4 may limit the transcription of these genes and offer protection against certain types of HF.
xisomab 3G3
A humanized anti-factor XI (FXI) antibody, with potential anti-thrombotic activity. Upon administration, xisomab 3G3 targets and binds to the apple 2 domain of FXI, thereby preventing the binding of FXI to factor XIIa (FXIIa). This blocks factor XIIa-mediated FXI activation without inhibiting FXI activation by thrombin or the procoagulant function of FXIa. The abrogation of FXI activation prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and reduces platelet and fibrin accumulation. This results in the inhibition of contact activation-initiated blood coagulation and prevents thrombus formation. FXI contributes to thrombotic disease while playing a limited role in normal hemostasis. Activation of FXI is essential for thrombus growth and stabilization.
XL820
An orally bioavailable, small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. XL820 binds to and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinases for vascular endothelial drowth factor (VEGF), c-kit, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In tumor models of breast carcinomas, gliomas, and leukemia, this agent exhibits dose-dependent growth inhibition and has been shown to cause tumor regression.
Xofigo
(Other name for: radium Ra 223 dichloride)
Xofluza
(Other name for: baloxavir marboxil)
Xolair
(Other name for: omalizumab)
Xolegel
(Other name for: ketoconazole)
Xospata
(Other name for: gilteritinib fumarate)
XPO1 inhibitor
Any agent that inhibits the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1; chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog; CRM1).
XPO1 inhibitor WJ01024
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1; chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog; CRM1), with potential antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, XPO1 inhibitor WJ01024 reversibly binds to the cargo binding site of XPO1, and prevents the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), such as p53, FOXO, p21, and p27, and leads to their selective accumulation in the nuclei of tumor cells. This restores the nuclear localization and function of TSPs, which leads to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. XPO1, the major export factor that transports proteins and RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells. The dysregulated export of TSPs into the cytoplasm prevents TSP-initiated apoptosis. XPO1 overexpression leads to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis.
XPO1 inhibitor WJ01075
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1; chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog; CRM1), with potential antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, XPO1 inhibitor WJ01075 targets and binds to XPO1, and prevents the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), such as p53, FOXO, p21, and p27. This leads to their selective accumulation in the nuclei of tumor cells, which restores the nuclear localization and function of TSPs, and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. XPO1, the major export factor that transports proteins and RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells. The dysregulated export of TSPs into the cytoplasm prevents TSP-initiated apoptosis. XPO1 overexpression leads to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis.
Xpovio
(Other name for: selinexor)
Xtampza ER
(Other name for: extended-release microsphere capsule-based oxycodone)
Xtandi
(Other name for: enzalutamide)
xylitol
A natural sweetener, with protective, saliva producing and moisturizing activities. Upon administration, xylitol produces saliva and may protect against cavities. This relieves persistent dry mouth and hydrates the mouth.
Xylocaine
(Other name for: lidocaine hydrochloride)
Xylocitin
(Other name for: lidocaine hydrochloride)
Xylonest
(Other name for: prilocaine hydrochloride)
Xyotax
(Other name for: paclitaxel poliglumex)
Xyzal
(Other name for: levocetirizine dihydrochloride)