NCI Drug Dictionary

53 results found for: W

W_pro1 cancer vaccine

A messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based cancer vaccine that encodes five prostate cancer-selective off-the-shelf shared antigens that are separately complexed with liposomes to form serum-stable RNA lipoplexes (RNA-LPX), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration of the W_pro1 cancer vaccine, the RNA-LPX are taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs). Upon uptake, the antigens are translated, processed, and presented to the immune system on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. This may activate the immune system to induce both an adaptive and innate immune response against cancer cells expressing these five antigens.

warfarin sodium

The sodium salt form of warfarin, a coumarin and a vitamin K antagonist, with anticoagulant activity. Warfarin sodium inhibits both vitamin K and vitamin K epoxide reductases, thereby interfering with the cyclic interconversion of vitamin K epoxide to its reduced form, vitamin KH2. Vitamin KH2 is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins. As a result, maturation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Without these coagulation factors, thrombogenesis and blood clot formation are prevented.

water O-15

An inert, radiopharmaceutical of oxygen-15 (O-15) labeled water used as a tracer molecule with positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration, water O-15 is freely diffusible and its distribution, as well as its clearance, are completely dependent on the rate of blood flow. Water O-15 can be imaged using PET to measure tissue or tumor blood flow/perfusion. This cyclotron product has a very short half life of about 2 minutes thereby allowing for multiple, serial measurements.

water-based vaginal lubricant

A water-based vaginal lubricant with hydration activity. Upon application to the vagina, the water-based vaginal lubricant provides moisture and may relieve dryness and sexual discomfort.

Wee1 inhibitor APR-1051

An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the human tyrosine kinase Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase; Wee1A kinase; WEE1hu), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wee1 inhibitor APR-1051 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Wee1. Inhibition of Wee1 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and 2 (CDK2) phosphorylation, promotes both premature mitosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest, which results in the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. This leads to apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells, such as p53-deficient or mutated human cancers that lack the G1 checkpoint, and G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 (CCNE1)-overexpressing tumor cells that coordinate with CDK2 to facilitate G1/S progression of cell cycle. Overexpression of Wee1 occurs in several cancer types and high expression of Wee1 is associated with poor outcomes. Wee1 phosphorylates CDK1 and CDK2, which blocks cell cycle progression from S/G2 to M phase, and G1 to S phase; it negatively regulates the G2 checkpoint by disallowing entry into mitosis in response to DNA damage.

Wee1 kinase inhibitor IMP7068

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human tyrosine kinase Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase; Wee1A kinase; WEE1hu), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wee1 kinase inhibitor IMP7068 targets, binds to and inhibits Wee1. Inhibition of Wee1 inhibits Cdk1 (Cdc2) phosphorylation, promotes both premature mitosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest, which results in the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. This leads to apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells, such as p53-deficient or mutated human cancers that lack the G1 checkpoint. Unlike normal cells, most p53-deficient or mutated human cancers lack the G1 checkpoint as p53 is the key regulator of the G1 checkpoint and these cells rely on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair to damaged cells. Overexpression of Wee1 occurs in several cancer types and high expression of Wee1 is associated with poor outcomes. Wee1 phosphorylates Cdc2 in the Cdc2/cyclin B (CDK1/cyclin B) complex which blocks progression from G2 into mitosis. The Wee1 tyrosine kinase is activated upon DNA damage and regulates the G2-M and S cell cycle checkpoints.

Wee1 kinase inhibitor SC0191

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human tyrosine kinase Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase; Wee1A kinase; WEE1hu), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wee1 kinase inhibitor SC0191 targets, binds to and inhibits Wee1. Inhibition of Wee1 inhibits Cdk1 (Cdc2) phosphorylation, promotes both premature mitosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest, which results in the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. This leads to apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells, such as p53-deficient or mutated human cancers that lack the G1 checkpoint. Unlike normal cells, most p53-deficient or mutated human cancers lack the G1 checkpoint as p53 is the key regulator of the G1 checkpoint and these cells rely on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair to damaged cells. Overexpression of Wee1 occurs in several cancer types and high expression of Wee1 is associated with poor outcomes. Wee1 phosphorylates Cdc2 in the Cdc2/cyclin B (CDK1/cyclin B) complex which blocks progression from G2 into mitosis. The Wee1 tyrosine kinase is activated upon DNA damage and regulates the G2-M and S cell cycle checkpoints.

Wee1/Myt1 inhibitor SGR-3515

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of Wee1-like protein kinase (Wee1; Wee1A kinase; WEE1hu) and membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase (PKMYT1; Myt1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wee1/Myt1 inhibitor SGR-3515 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Wee1 and Myt1. This inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1; CDC2) and 2 (CDK2) phosphorylation, promotes both premature mitosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest, and leads to the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells, such as CCNE1-overexpressing tumor cells. Overexpression of Wee1 occurs in several cancer types and high expression of Wee1 is associated with poor outcomes. Wee1 phosphorylates CDK1 and CDK2, which blocks cell cycle progression from S/G2 to M phase, and G1 to S phase; it negatively regulates the G2 checkpoint by disallowing entry into mitosis in response to DNA damage. Myt1 phosphorylates CDK1 specifically when CDK1 is complexed to cyclins, which blocks progression from G2 into mitosis. Upregulation of Myt1 may play a role in the acquired resistance to Wee1 inhibitors, as both kinases phosphorylate and inhibit CDK1/cyclin B complexes.

Wegovy

(Other name for: semaglutide)

Welchol

(Other name for: colesevelam hydrochloride)

welgenaleucel

A preparation of autologous T lymphocytes that are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) composed of an anti-cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) single chain variable fragment (scFv) linked to the signaling domains of 4-1BB (CD137) and the zeta chain of the TCR/CD3 complex (TCRzeta; CD247; CD3zeta), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, welgenaleucel targets, binds to and induces selective toxicity in CD19-expressing tumor cells. CD19 antigen is a B-cell specific cell surface antigen expressed in all B-cell lineage malignancies.

Welireg

(Other name for: belzutifan)

Wellbutrin

(Other name for: bupropion hydrochloride)

Wellbutrin SR

(Other name for: bupropion hydrochloride controlled-release)

Wellbutrin XL

(Other name for: bupropion hydrochloride controlled-release)

wheatgrass juice

The juice extracted from the mature sprouts of wheatgrass, Triticum aestivum, which is a member of the Poaceae family, with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and chemopreventive activities. Wheatgrass juice contains many vitamins, including A, B vitamins, C and E, minerals, including selenium, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper and zinc, amino acids, chlorophyll and a number of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action through which wheatgrass juice exerts its effect(s) has yet to be fully elucidated, the components in the juice may scavenge free radicals, reduce chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity, neutralize toxins and carcinogens and modulate the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12.

whey protein isolate

A biologically active, cystine-rich, whey-based protein isolate. Whey protein isolate is broken down in the body into cystine and glutamylcystine, which travel safely in the blood stream, upon cell entry, deliver a sustained amount of free cysteine to the cells. The available cysteine allows cells to synthesize glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide containing amino acids glycine, glutamate and cysteine, thereby maintaining and increasing intracellular GSH concentrations. GSH plays a major role as an antioxidant, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage due to harmful substances such as free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds.

whey protein isolate-based nutritional supplement

A nutritional supplement composed of a lactose- and gluten-free whey-based protein isolate and containing various vitamins and minerals, with potential immunomodulating activity. In addition to whey protein isolate, this supplement contains phosphoric acid, L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, zinc, ferrous sulfate, niacinamide, vitamin A, calcium pantothenate, copper, manganese, vitamin D3, pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid, biotin, iodine, phytonadione, and vitamin B12. Upon administration, whey protein isolate is broken down in the body into cysteine and glutamylcysteine. The available cysteine allows cells to synthesize glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide containing amino acids glycine, glutamate and cysteine, thereby maintaining and increasing intracellular GSH concentrations. GSH plays a major role as an antioxidant, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage due to harmful substances such as free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds. In addition, the supplement provides necessary vitamins and minerals to the body, which may stimulate the immune system, help with wound healing and regulate metabolic dysregulation.

white button mushroom extract

A heat-stable extract of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with potential chemopreventive and immunomodulating activities. Phytochemicals, such as polysaccharides and especially beta-D-glucans found in the white button mushroom extract, bind to and inhibit the activity of aromatase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens and which is often upregulated in breast cancer cells. The consequent decrease in estrogen production may result in the suppression of estrogen-dependent cellular proliferation. In addition, this extract may promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation, increase interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, and may enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity, thus amplifying both innate and T cell-mediated immune responses against cancer cells.

white carrot

A vegetable, also known as Arracacha, with potential chemoprevenitve, anti-oxidant and protective activities. White carrot contains a variety of nutrients, including minerals and vitamins. Polyacetylenes, including falcarinol, falcarindiol and falcarindiol-3-acetate are mainly responsible for its potential anti-cancer activity.

white grape juice

Juice made from white grapes that contain polyphenols, with potential antioxidant activity. White grape juice contains high amounts of flavonoids that may reduce oxidative stress and may help to slow or prevent cell damage caused by oxidation.

white wine

An alcoholic beverage made from fermented white grapes with potential orexigenic activity. Although not well understood, the mechanism for white wine's potential orexigenic activity may be due, in part, to its alcohol content and may involve alterations in neurotransmitter and hormone activities related to appetite regulation.

Winobanin

(Other name for: danazol)

WinRho SDF

(Other name for: therapeutic immune globulin)

Wistar rabies virus strain PM-1503-3M vaccine

A vaccine containing inactivated Wistar rabies virus strain PM-1503-3M, with immunotherapeutic activity. Upon administration, Wistar rabies virus strain PM-1503-3M vaccine induces the formation of rabies-specific antibodies and rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA), which provide protection against rabies infection. This rabies vaccine can be used for both pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies.

Wnt signaling inhibitor APL-5125

An orally bioavailable small molecule kinase inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wnt signaling inhibitor APL-5125 targets and binds to an as of yet undisclosed kinase in the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby preventing Wnt-mediated signaling. This may inhibit growth of tumor cells in which the Wnt signaling pathway is overactivated. The Wnt signaling pathway is upregulated in many cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation.

Wnt signaling inhibitor SM04755

An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Wnt signaling inhibitor SM04755 targets and binds to an as of yet undisclosed target in the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby preventing Wnt-mediated signaling. This may inhibit growth of tumor cells in which the Wnt signaling pathway is overactivated. The Wnt signaling pathway is upregulated in many cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation.

Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor SM08502

An orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, SM08502 inhibits the expression of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway through an as of yet not fully elucidated mechanism. This decreased expression of Wnt pathway-related genes prevents Wnt signaling and may inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in which the Wnt signaling pathway is overactivated. The Wnt signaling pathway is dysregulated in many cancer cell types and plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation.

Wnt-5a mimic hexapeptide foxy-5

A formylated, six amino acid, Wnt5a-derived peptide and wnt-5a mimetic with potential anti-metastatic activity. Upon intravenous administration, Wnt-5a mimic hexapeptide foxy-5 binds to and activates the wnt-5a receptors, Frizzled-2 and -5, which activates wnt-5a-mediated signaling. Increased wnt-5a signaling may inhibit endothelial tumor cell migration and invasion. This may decrease metastasis of susceptible tumor cells. However, foxy-5 does not affect tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis. Foxy-5 lacks a heparan sulfate-binding domain and contains a formyl group on its NH2-terminal methionine residue which decreases in vivo degradation. Decreased expression of wnt-5a protein is associated with increased motility of certain tumor cell types.

Wobe-Mugos E

An enzymatic preparation containing proteolytic enzymes papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin with potential anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. Papain can be extracted from the fruit of the papaya plant. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are serine proteases produced and secreted by the pancreas. Although its exact mechanisms has yet to be fully illustrated, Wobe-Mugos E appears to have the ability to modulate the immune system by degrading cytokines, and cytokine receptors and clearing circulating immune protein complexes, as well as disrupting adhesion molecules. This agent has been shown to reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicity, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and prolong survival rates.

WRN inhibitor GSK4418959

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, WRN inhibitor GSK4418959 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of WRN. This may inhibit the growth of susceptible tumor cells, such as ones with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). WRN, a multifunctional enzyme with both helicase and exonuclease activities, plays a key role in DNA replication and repair. It is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells.

WRN inhibitor HRO761

An orally bioavailable selective and allosteric inhibitor of the Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, WRN inhibitor HRO761 allosterically binds at the interface of the D1 and D2 helicase domains of WRN, thereby locking WRN in an inactive conformation. This induces double-stranded DNA breaks and activates the DNA damage response (DDR) to induce WRN degradation. This promotes cell cycle arrest and cell death in, and inhibits the growth of susceptible tumor cells, such as ones with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). WRN, a multifunctional enzyme with both helicase and exonuclease activities, plays a key role in DNA replication and repair. It is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells.

WRN inhibitor RO7589831

An orally bioavailable and small molecule inhibitor of Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN; RecQ protein-like 2; Werner syndrome protein), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, WRN inhibitor RO7589831 covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of WRN. This may inhibit the growth of cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). WRN, a multifunctional enzyme with helicase, ATPase, and exonuclease activities, plays an important role in maintaining genome stability. Its helicase activity is essential for the survival of certain cancers with genomic microsatellite instability associated with defective DNA mismatch repair.

WT-1 analogue peptide vaccine

A peptide vaccine containing a human Wilms tumor 1 (WT-1) protein-derived epitope with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with the WT-1 analogue peptide vaccine may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT-1 expressing cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. WT-1, a zinc finger transcription factor, is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in some solid cancers.

WT1 124-138 peptide vaccine

A synthetic peptide vaccine consisting of a HLA-DR15-restricted human Wilms' Tumor protein-1 (WT1) peptide comprised of amino acids 124 through 138, a HLA class II-restricted WT1 peptide, with potential immunomodulating and antitumor activities. Vaccination with WT1 124-138 peptide may stimulate a CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against WT1 expressing cells. Activated helper T-cells stimulate dendritic cells, and activate the proliferation of other T-lymphoctes and B-lymphocytes. This causes tumor cell lysis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in WT1-overexpressing tumor cells. WT1, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in a variety of solid cancers.

WT1 126-134 peptide vaccine

A synthetic peptide vaccine consisting of the amino acids 126 through 134 of the human Wilms' Tumor protein-1 (WT1) with potential antitumor activity. WT1, a tumor associated antigen, is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in a variety of solid cancers. Vaccination with WT1 126-134 peptide vaccine may induce a WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT1 expressing cells, resulting in cell lysis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

WT1 235-243 peptide vaccine

A synthetic peptide vaccine consisting of a HLA-A24-restricted human Wilms' Tumor protein-1 (WT1) peptide comprised of amino acids 235 through 243, a MHC class I-restricted peptide, with potential immunomodulating and antitumor activities. Vaccination with WT1 235-243 peptide may induce a WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT1 expressing cells, resulting in cell lysis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. WT1, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in a variety of solid cancers.

WT1 247-261 peptide vaccine

A synthetic peptide vaccine consisting of a HLA-DRw53-restricted human Wilms' Tumor protein-1 (WT1) peptide comprised of amino acids 247 through 261, a HLA class II-restricted WT1 peptide, with potential immunomodulating and antitumor activities. Vaccination with WT1 247-261 peptide may stimulate a CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against WT1 expressing cells. Activated helper T-cells stimulate dendritic cells, and activate the proliferation of other T-lymphoctes and B-lymphocytes. This causes tumor cell lysis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in WT1-overexpressing tumor cells. WT1, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in a variety of solid cancers.

WT1 mRNA-electroporated autologous dendritic cell vaccine

A cancer vaccine containing autologous dendritic cells electroporated with full-length mRNA encoding Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) antigen with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, WT1 mRNA-electroporated autologous dendritic cell vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing WT1. Wt1 is frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and often correlates with disease progression and poor prognosis.

WT1 peptide vaccine OCV-501

A peptide cancer vaccine comprised of a peptide derived from Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, WT1 peptide vaccine OCV-501 may stimulate a CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against WT1 expressing cells. WT1 protein, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is overexpressed in leukemic cells and in some solid tumors.

WT1 peptide vaccine WT2725

A peptide cancer vaccine comprised of a peptide derived from Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, WT2725 may induce a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT1-overexpressing tumor cells. WT1 protein, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is overexpressed in leukemic cells and in a vast number of non-hematological solid tumors.

WT1 protein-derived peptide vaccine DSP-7888

A peptide cancer vaccine comprised of peptides derived from the Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, WT1 protein-derived peptide vaccine DSP-7888 may induce a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT1-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, DSP-7888 induces a helper T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against WT1 expressing tumor cells. WT1 protein, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein and transcription factor, is overexpressed in leukemic cells and in many non-hematological solid tumors.

WT1-A10/AS01B immunotherapeutic GSK2130579A

An immunotherapeutic consisting of the recombinant fusion protein WT1-A10 combined with the adjuvant ASO1B with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, WT1-A10/AS01B immunotherapeutic GSK2130579AWT1 may induce a WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against WT1-expressing tumor cells, resulting in cell lysis and the inhibition of cellular proliferation. The tumor-associated antigen WT1 (Wilms tumor protein-1) is overexpressed in most types of leukemia and in a variety of solid cancers. WT1-A10 is a 292 amino acid recombinant fusion protein consisting of a 12-mer truncated tat sequence (leader sequence) and amino acids number 2-281 of the WT1 sequence; ASO1B consists of a combination of the adjuvants monophosporyl lipd A (MPL) and Q21.

WT1-H/K-HELP-survivin-H/K-HELP-MAGE-A4-H ⁄ K-HELP-MUC1-22 peptide-loaded autologous dendritic cells

A preparation of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with helper/killer-hybrid epitope long peptides (H/K-HELP) of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1 H/K-HELP), survivin, melanoma-associated antigen 4 (MAGE-4) and human mucin 1-22 (Muc1-22), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of WT1-H/K-HELP-survivin-H/K-HELP-MAGE-A4-H ⁄ K-HELP-Muc1-22 peptide-loaded autologous DCs may stimulate the host immune system to mount an anti-tumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), T-helper (Th), and antibody responses against WT1-, survivin-, MAGE-4- and Muc1-22-expressing cancer cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. WT1, survivin, MAGE-4 and Muc-1-22, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), are overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells. The DCs loaded with the long fusion polypeptides, comprising of one or more helper epitopes and killer epitopes, may enhance antigen-specific CTL and Th cell production more efficiently than when the DCs are loaded with a mixture of helper epitope and killer epitope.

WT1-loaded artificial adjuvant vector cell immunotherapeutic ASP7517

A preparation of artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVCs) composed of cells from the cell line HEK293, which is derived from human embryonic kidney cells, that are transfected with the natural killer T (NKT) immune cell receptor cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d) and loaded with the glycolipid and CD1d ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) on the cell surface, and loaded with the full-length tumor-associated antigen (TAA) Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the WT1-loaded aAVC immunotherapeutic ASP7517, the alphaGalCer on the cell surface activates invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, thereby eliciting WT1-specific NKT cell responses against ASP7517. This in turn activates a natural killer (NK) cell response against WT1-expressing tumor cells. Also, the WT1 released from destroyed ASP7517 is taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mainly by dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and results in a CTL-mediated immune response against WT1-expressing tumor cells, thereby further destroying WT1-expressing tumor cells. In addition, the activation of antigen-specific memory T cells provides long-lasting anti-tumor effects against the WT1-expressing tumor cells.

WT1-sensitized T cells

A population of allogeneic T-cells sensitized with Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) antigen with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, WT1-sensitized T cells may bind to and lyse WT1-expressing tumor cells. WT1 antigen, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein acting as a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on the cellular or chromosomal context, is overexpressed in leukemic cells and in a vast number of nonhematological solid tumors.

WT1-targeted IL-2-based fusion protein CUE-102

A Fc-engineered fusion protein composed of two human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules presenting a Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) peptide that are each linked to two affinity-attenuated interleukin 2 (IL-2; IL2) molecules, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. The HLA molecules presenting a WT1 peptide are peptide-HLA-A*0201 major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) derived from the WT1 peptide encoded by the amino acids 37-45. Upon administration of CUE-102, the pMHC moiety selectively targets, binds to and activates the T-cell receptor (TCR) on WT1-specific T lymphocytes. By selectively delivering the IL-2 moiety to the CD8-positive T cells, the IL-2 moiety specifically binds to IL-2 receptors on tumor-specific effector T cells and mediates the selective expansion of WT1-specific T-cells. This increases the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response against WT1-expressing tumor cells and thereby eliminates tumor cells. The simultaneous engagement of co-regulatory molecules and pMHC binding mimics the signals delivered by antigen presenting cells (APCs) to T cells during a natural immune response. WT1, a co-fetal protein and tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed in a number of cancers. The IL-2 variant (‘not-alpha’ IL-2) preferentially activates tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and does not prefer to bind to the IL-2 receptor alpha subunit; this minimizes systemic effects on non-tumor-specific T cells. This minimizes induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and non-specific and systemic activation of immune cells.

WT1/PRAME/survivin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A preparation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specifically reactive to the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) human Wilms tumor protein (WT1), preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME; melanoma antigen preferentially expressed in tumors; Opa-interacting protein 4; OIP-4), and survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5; BIRC5), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), these cells are stimulated with antigen presenting cells (APCs) pulsed with WT1, PRAME and survivin peptides; reactive T cells are selectively expanded. Upon administration of the WT1/PRAME/Survivin-specific CTLs, these T cells induce a CTL-mediated response against tumor cells expressing WT1, PRAME, or survivin, leading to tumor cell lysis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. WT1, PRAME, and survivin, are expressed on certain tumor cell types and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and survival.

WT1/PRAME/survivin-specific T cells MANA-312

A preparation of off-the-shelf (OTS) donor-derived T lymphocytes that are reactive to multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. T cells derived from allogeneic donor leukocytes are stimulated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that are pulsed with a mix of peptides derived from the three TAAs Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME; melanoma antigen preferentially expressed in tumors; Opa-interacting protein 4; OIP-4) and survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5; BIRC5). The antigen-specific T-cells are subsequently expanded. Upon administration of WT1/PRAME/survivin-specific T-cells MANA 312, the T cells recognize, induce a T-cell mediated immune response in and induce lysis of tumor cells that express WT1, PRAME and/or survivin. In addition, tumor cell lysis induces the release of a broader set of tumor antigens, thereby further stimulating the immune system to exert an anti-tumor T-cell-mediated immune response. WT1, PRAME and survivin, overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types, play key roles in tumor cell proliferation.

WT1/PSMA/hTERT-encoding plasmid DNA INO-5401

A preparation composed of three separate DNA plasmids encoding the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) Wilms tumor gene-1 (WT1), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activites. Upon intramuscular delivery and electroporation of the WT1/PSMA/hTERT-encoding plasmid DNA INO-5401, the genes are translated into their respective proteins inside the cell. The expressed proteins activate the immune system and induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated response against cells expressing the WT1, PSMA and hTERT antigens, causing tumor cell lysis. hTERT, WT1 and PSMA are upregulated in many cancer cell types.

wu-ling-san

A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of Polyporus sclerotium (Sclerotium polypori Umbrellati; Zhu Ling), hoelen (Poria; Sclerotium Poriae Cocos; Fu Ling), Alismatis rhizome (Alisma; Rhizoma Alismatis Orientalis; Ze Xie), Cinnamomi cortex (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae; Gui Zhi) and Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae; Bai Zhu) with potential diuresis-inducing and kidney-protective activities. Upon oral administration, wu-ling san may increase the removal of excess fluid, prevent the retention of water, maintain healthy water metabolism by promoting diuresis, and protect kidney function.

Wymox

(Other name for: amoxicillin)

Wytensin

(Other name for: guanabenz acetate)