NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

32 results found for: X

X-linked dominant inheritance: (... linkt DAH-mih-nunt in-HAYR-ih-tunts); One of the ways a genetic trait or condition caused by a mutated (changed) gene on the X chromosome can be passed down (inherited) from parent to child. In X-linked dominant inheritance, a genetic condition can occur when the child inherits one copy of a mutated (changed) gene on the X chromosome from one parent. Daughters have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated X-linked gene from their mother and a 100% chance of inheriting the mutated X-linked gene from their father. Sons have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated X-linked gene from their mother and a 0% chance of inheriting the mutated X-linked gene from their father.
X-linked recessive inheritance: (…. linkt reh-SEH-siv in-HAYR-ih-tunts); One of the ways a genetic trait or condition caused by a mutated (changed) gene on the X chromosome can be passed down (inherited) from parent to child. In X-linked recessive inheritance, a daughter inherits a single mutated gene on the X chromosome from one of her parents. The X chromosome she inherits from the other parent will usually cancel the effect of the mutation, and she most likely will not have the genetic condition. If she inherits a mutated copy of the gene from both parents, she will be affected with the condition. Fathers cannot pass X-linked recessive conditions to their sons. When a son inherits a mutated gene on the X chromosome from his mother, the genetic condition is more likely to occur. X-linked recessive conditions most often occur in males.
x-ray: (EX-ray); A type of radiation used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases. In low doses, x-rays are used to diagnose diseases by making pictures of the inside of the body. In high doses, x-rays are used to treat cancer.
x-ray imaging: (EX-ray IH-muh-jing); A procedure that uses a type of high-energy radiation called x-rays to take pictures of areas inside the body. X-rays pass through the body onto film or a computer, where the pictures are made. The tissues and organs usually appear in various shades of black and white because different tissues allow different amounts of the x-ray beams to pass through them. X-ray imaging is used to help diagnose disease and plan treatment. Also called radiography.
x-ray therapy: (...THAYR-uh-pee); A type of radiation therapy that uses high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Xalkori: (zal-KOR-ee); A drug used to treat certain types of ALK-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in adults and children aged 1 year and older, ALK-positive systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma in young adults and children aged 1 year and older, and ALK-positive or ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Xalkori blocks certain proteins made by the ALK and ROS1 genes, which may help keep cancer cells from growing. It is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Also called crizotinib.
Xanax: (ZAN-ax); A drug used to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks. It is being studied in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by some cancer treatments. It is a type of benzodiazepine. Also called alprazolam.
Xatmep: (ZAT-mep); A drug used alone or with other drugs to treat many types of cancer, certain types of arthritis, and severe psoriasis (a type of skin condition). It is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. Xatmep stops cells from using folic acid to make DNA and may kill cancer cells. It may also lower the body’s immune response. Xatmep is a type of antimetabolite and a type of antifolate. Also called methotrexate sodium, MTX, and Trexall.
XELIRI: An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It is also used to treat esophageal cancer and stomach cancer that are advanced or have spread to other parts of the body. It includes the drugs capecitabine (Xeloda) and irinotecan hydrochloride. Also called CAPIRI, CAPIRI regimen, and XELIRI regimen.
XELIRI regimen: (... REH-jih-men); An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It is also used to treat esophageal cancer and stomach cancer that are advanced or have spread to other parts of the body. It includes the drugs capecitabine (Xeloda) and irinotecan hydrochloride. Also called CAPIRI, CAPIRI regimen, and XELIRI.
Xeloda: (zeh-LOH-duh); A drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of colorectal cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, stomach cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Xeloda is taken up by cancer cells and breaks down into fluorouracil, a substance that kills cancer cells. Xeloda is a type of antimetabolite. Also called capecitabine.
XELOX: An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It includes the drugs capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin. Also called XELOX regimen.
XELOX regimen: (… REH-jih-men); An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat colorectal cancer that has spread. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It includes the drugs capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin. Also called XELOX.
xenograft: (ZEE-noh-graft); The transplant of an organ, tissue, or cells to an individual of another species.
xeroderma pigmentosum: (ZEER-oh-DER-ma pig-men-TOH-sum); A rare inherited disorder marked by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light, such as from the sun, and a high risk of developing cancer. The signs and symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum are usually seen in children by age 2 years. Affected children may develop a severe blistering sunburn after a short time in the sun, freckling of the skin, dry skin, and changes in skin color in sun-exposed areas. They may also develop eye problems and problems with the nervous system. People with xeroderma pigmentosum have a very high risk of developing skin cancer, usually by age 10 years, and other types of cancer, including cancers of the eyes, brain, and, in smokers, the lungs. Xeroderma pigmentosum is caused by mutations (changes) in certain genes involved in repairing damaged DNA. Also called XP.
xerogram: (ZEER-oh-gram); A picture of the body recorded on paper rather than on film. Also called xeroradiograph.
xeroradiograph: (ZEER-oh-RAY-dee-oh-graf); A picture of the body recorded on paper rather than on film. Also called xerogram.
xeroradiography: (ZEER-oh-RAY-dee-AH-gruh-fee); A type of x-ray in which a picture of the body is recorded on paper rather than on film.
xerostomia: (ZEER-oh-STOH-mee-uh); Dry mouth. It occurs when the body is not able to make enough saliva.
Xgeva: (ex-JEE-vuh); A drug that contains the active ingredient denosumab and is used to prevent or treat certain bone problems. Xgeva is used to prevent bone problems caused by multiple myeloma or by solid tumors that have spread to the bone. It is also used in certain patients to treat giant cell tumor of the bone that cannot be removed by surgery, and to treat hypercalcemia that is caused by cancer and did not get better after treatment with bisphosphonates. Xgeva binds to a protein called RANKL, which keeps RANKL from binding to another protein called RANK on the surface of certain bone cells, including bone cancer cells. This may help keep bone from breaking down and cancer cells from growing. Xgeva may also prevent the loss of calcium from the bones. It is a type of monoclonal antibody.
XK469R: A substance that is being studied in the treatment of leukemia. It belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors.
XL880: A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. XL880 blocks enzymes involved in the growth and spread of tumor cells. It may also prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. It is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a type of antiangiogenesis agent. Also called foretinib and MET/VEGFR-2 inhibitor GSK1363089.
Xofigo: (SOH-fee-goh); A radioactive drug used to treat prostate cancer that has spread to the bone and is causing symptoms but has not spread to other organs. It is used in patients whose cancer is castration resistant (has not responded to treatments that lower testosterone levels). It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Xofigo contains a radioactive substance called radium Ra 223. It collects in bone and gives off radiation that may kill cancer cells. Xofigo is a type of radiotherapeutic agent. Also called radium Ra 223-dichloride.
Xospata: (zoh-SPAH-tuh); A drug used to treat adults with acute myeloid leukemia that came back or did not get better with other treatment and has a mutation (change) in the FLT3 gene. Xospata blocks certain proteins, which may help keep cancer cells from growing. It is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Also called gilteritinib fumarate.
XP: A rare inherited disorder marked by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light, such as from the sun, and a high risk of developing cancer. The signs and symptoms of XP are usually seen in children by age 2 years. Affected children may develop a severe blistering sunburn after a short time in the sun, freckling of the skin, dry skin, and changes in skin color in sun-exposed areas. They may also develop eye problems and problems with the nervous system. People with XP have a very high risk of developing skin cancer, usually by age 10 years, and other types of cancer, including cancers of the eyes, brain, and, in smokers, the lungs. XP is caused by mutations (changes) in certain genes involved in repairing damaged DNA. Also called xeroderma pigmentosum.
XPA gene: (... jeen); A gene that makes a protein involved in repairing damaged DNA. Mutations (changes) in the XPA gene may keep cells from repairing their DNA, which may cause abnormal cells, including cancer cells, to grow. XPA gene mutations have been found in an inherited condition called xeroderma pigmentosum. People with this condition have a very high risk of developing skin cancer and other types of cancer.
XPC gene: (… jeen); A gene that makes a protein involved in repairing damaged DNA. Mutations (changes) in the XPC gene may keep cells from repairing their DNA, which may cause abnormal cells, including cancer cells, to grow. XPC gene mutations have been found an inherited condition called xeroderma pigmentosum. People with this condition have a very high risk of developing skin cancer and other types of cancer.
Xpovio: (ex-POH-vee-oh); A drug used alone or with other drugs to treat adults with certain types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or multiple myeloma. It is used in patients whose cancer has already been treated with other anticancer therapy. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Xpovio blocks a protein called CRM1, which may help keep cancer cells from growing and may kill them. It is a type of small molecule inhibitor. Also called selinexor.
XR9576: A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It may help tumor cells respond again to drugs they have become resistant (unable to respond) to. XR9576 is a type of multidrug resistance inhibitor and a type of P-glycoprotein antagonist. Also called tariquidar.
XRP9881: A substance that is being studied in the treatment of breast cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called taxane derivatives.
Xtandi: (ek-STAN-dee); A drug used to treat certain types of prostate cancer. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Xtandi binds to proteins called androgen receptors, which are found in some prostate cancer cells. These proteins bind to androgens (male hormones) and may cause cancer cells to grow. Xtandi blocks these proteins and may keep cancer cells from growing. It is a type of antiandrogen. Also called enzalutamide.
Xyotax: (ZY-oh-tax); A form of the anticancer drug paclitaxel combined with a protein called poliglumex that may have fewer side effects and work better than paclitaxel. It is being studied in the treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and other types of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors. Also called CT-2103, paclitaxel poliglumex, and paclitaxel polyglutamate.